In order to weed, farmers use various tools and methods. By understanding the strengths and weaknesses of each tool, farmers can make the best decisions for their operations in order to keep nasty weeds out.
One tool that farmers can use to control weeds is the application of herbicides. New research is helping us to better understand a specific herbicide: r-toluene.
Ruridane is one of the most commonly used herbicides in the United States. It can be used to treat weeds in crops such as corn, sorghum, sugar cane and turf. The chemical kills weeds by preventing photosynthesis in plants.
Like the herbicides used at dejin, the advantage is that it can reduce the need for cultivation. In addition to affecting soil health, farming can also increase the erosion of precious soil. Reducing farming prevents erosion and maintains a healthy soil structure, thereby protecting our soil.
After the chemical is applied to the field, atrazine decomposes in the soil into another compound called desethylatrazine (DEA). This is a good thing because DEA is less toxic to aquatic organisms than atrazine.
In recent years, the use of at to Tianjin has been declining. However, although the use of atrazine has decreased, the concentration of the auxiliary compound DEA has been increasing.
Ryberg, who works at the U.S. Geological Survey, wants to determine other factors besides usage that affect the trend of herbicide concentrations in streams.
The most common conversion of atrazine to DEA is through the activities of soil microorganisms-such as fungi and bacteria. Therefore, the more atrazine contacts with soil microorganisms, the faster the decomposition rate.
“Based on previous research, we predicted the factors that affect the concentration of attrition in streams,” Ryberg said. “These include watersheds, weather, climate and maize planting areas in management practices.”
“In our research, we used existing data that spanned many regions of the country from 2002 to 2012,” Ryberg explained. Then, use the model to analyze the data and test the team’s predictions of the causes of the trends in r and DEA.
In the 1990s, new regulations solved the problem of surface water pollution. These regulations have reduced the use rate of ration on crops, and even banned the use of ration near wells. The purpose is to reduce the total concentration of attrition in the water.
Ryberg said: “Concentration and usage trends indicate that the past regulations for degassing, especially in the Midwest, are successful.” “More degassing is broken down into DEA before it enters the stream.”
Although corn planted areas increased between 2002 and 2012, studies have shown that atrazine use has decreased in most parts of the United States.
Ryberg’s research also found that in dry areas where there is no tile drainage, the conversion of atrazine is faster. Tile drain pipes can be installed underground in farmland to help water flow and prevent flooding. Tile drains are like rain drains on farmland.
Because tile drains can help field water flow faster through underground pipes, the water has less time to contact the soil. Therefore, soil microorganisms need less time to carry the water out of DEA into nearby streams before the water decomposes atrazine into DEA.
This finding means that the level of at to Tianjin may face more challenges in the future. As farmers expect climate change and wet field conditions, in order to grow crops under proper soil conditions, more tile drainage devices may be needed.
Looking to the future, Ryberg hopes to monitor pesticides on this basis. Ryberg explained: “Ongoing monitoring is important to understand the degradation and transportation process of pesticides.”
Farmers will continue to adapt to the changing environment, including weed communities. The use of pesticides will change, and monitoring new pesticides or pesticide mixtures in the environment is an ongoing challenge.
Materials provided by the American Academy of Agronomy. Note: You can edit the style and length of the content.
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