Ndị na-ahazi uto ihe ọkụkụ (PGR), nke a makwaara dị ka homonụ osisi, bụ ihe kemịkal na-emetụta uto na mmepe nke osisi.Ogige ndị a nwere ike ịdị na-emebu ma ọ bụ mepụta synthetically iji ṅomie ma ọ bụ na-emetụta homonụ nke osisi eke.

 

Ọrụ na mkpa nke ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ

PGR na-ahazi usoro dị iche iche nke physiological na osisi, gụnyere:

Nkewa cell na elongation: Ha na-achịkwa ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cell nkewa na elongation, na-emetụta kpọmkwem uto osisi.
Ọdịiche: PGR na-enyere aka na mmepe nke mkpụrụ ndụ n'ime anụ ahụ na akụkụ dị iche iche.
Dormancy na Germination: Ha na-arụ ọrụ dị oke egwu n'ime mkpụrụ dormancy na usoro germination.
Okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi: PGR na-ahazi oge na nhazi nke ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi.
Nzaghachi na mkpali gburugburu ebe obibi: Ha na-enyere osisi aka ịzaghachi mgbanwe gburugburu ebe obibi dị ka ìhè, ike ndọda, na mmiri dị.
Nzaghachi nrụgide: PGR na-enyere osisi aka ịnagide ọnọdụ nchekasị dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo, salinity, na ọgụ nje.

 

Ojiji nke ndị na-ahazi uto ihe ọkụkụ:

A na-eji ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ọrụ ugbo na ịkụ osisi.Ha na-ebuli ma ọ bụ gbanwee uto na mmepe ihe ọkụkụ iji kwalite mkpụrụ ihe ọkụkụ, ịdị mma na nguzogide nrụgide.Ngwa bara uru gụnyere:

Na-akwalite uto mgbọrọgwụ: A na-eji auxin na-akwalite uto mgbọrọgwụ na mbepụ.
Ịchịkwa mkpụrụ osisi: A na-eji ethylene emekọrịta ka mfri chara.
Ịba ụba mkpụrụ osisi: Enwere ike itinye Gibberellins iji mụbaa nha mkpụrụ osisi na akwụkwọ nri.
Ịchịkwa nha Osisi: A na-eji ụfọdụ PGR chịkwaa nha osisi ịchọ mma na ihe ọkụkụ, na-eme ka ha nwee ike ijikwa ya.

 

Ụdị ndị na-achịkwa uto ihe ọkụkụ:

Enwere isi edemede ise nke ndị na-achịkwa uto ihe ọkụkụ:

Auxins: Na-akwalite elongation stem, uto mgbọrọgwụ, na ọdịiche.Ha na-etinye aka na nzaghachi nke ìhè na ike ndọda.
Gibberellins (GA): Na-akpali elongation stem, mpụta mkpụrụ, na okooko.
Cytokinins: Na-akwalite nkewa cell na nguzobe ịse, ma na-egbu oge ịse akwụkwọ.
Ethylene: Na-emetụta mfri mfri, ifuru wilting, na akwukwo ọdịda;na-anabatakwa ọnọdụ nrụgide.
Abscisic Acid (ABA): Na-egbochi uto ma na-akwalite ezumike mkpụrụ;na-enyere osisi aka ịzaghachi ọnọdụ nrụgide dị ka ụkọ mmiri ozuzo.

 

Ndị na-ahazi uto ihe ọkụkụ a na-ejikarị:

Brassinolide
Ọrụ: Brassinolide bụ ụdị brassinosteroid, otu klas nke homonụ osisi nke na-akwalite mgbasawanye cell na elongation, na-akwalite iguzogide nrụgide gburugburu ebe obibi, ma melite uto na mmepe nke osisi.
Ngwa: A na-eji eme ka mkpụrụ osisi na ịdị mma dịkwuo mma, na-abawanye iguzogide ọrịa nje, yana kwalite uto osisi n'okpuru ọnọdụ nrụgide.

Cloruro de Mepiquat (Mepiquat chloride)
Ọrụ: Mepiquat chloride bụ onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nke na-egbochi biosynthesis gibberellin, na-eduga n'ibelata elongation azuokokoosisi na uto osisi kọmpat karịa.
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị emepụta owu iji chịkwaa ịdị elu osisi, belata ebe obibi (ịda n'elu), na ịkwalite mmepe boll.Ọ na-enyere aka n'ịkwalite arụmọrụ owuwe ihe ubi na mkpụrụ.

Gibberellic acid (GA3)
Ọrụ: Gibberellic acid bụ homonụ nke osisi na-akwalite elongation azuokokoosisi, mpụta mkpụrụ, ifuru, na mmepe mkpụrụ.
Ngwa: A na-eji emebi oge ezumike mkpụrụ, kpalie uto n'ime osisi dwarf, na-abawanye nha mkpụrụ osisi na mkpụrụ vaịn na citrus, ma melite ogo malting na ọka bali.

Indole-3-Acetic Acid (IAA)
Ọrụ: Indole-3-acetic acid bụ auxin sitere n'okike nke na-achịkwa akụkụ dị iche iche nke uto osisi, gụnyere nkewa sel, elongation, na ọdịiche.
Ngwa: A na-eji akwalite nhazi mgbọrọgwụ n'ime mgbụsị akwụkwọ, kwalite ntọala mkpụrụ osisi, na ịhazi usoro uto na osisi.A na-ejikwa ya na omenala anụ ahụ iji kpalite nkewa cell na uto.

Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA)
Ọrụ: Indole-3-butyric acid bụ ụdị auxin ọzọ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na-akpali akpali mmalite na mmepe.
Ngwa: A na-ejikarị eme ihe dị ka hormone na-akpata mgbọrọgwụ n'ime ihe ọkụkụ iji kwalite mgbọrọgwụ n'osisi osisi.A na-etinyekwa ya iji melite nguzobe osisi ndị a na-atụgharị na iji kwalite uto mgbọrọgwụ na sistemu hydroponic.

Nchekwa nke ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi:

Nchekwa nke ndị na-ahụ maka uto osisi na-adabere n'ụdị ha, ntinye uche, na usoro ntinye.N'ozuzu, mgbe ejiri ya dịka ntuziaka na ndụmọdụ, PGR dị mma maka osisi na ụmụ mmadụ.Agbanyeghị, iji na-ekwesịghị ekwesị ma ọ bụ imebiga ihe ókè nwere ike ibute nsonaazụ na-adịghị mma:

Phytotoxicity: Iji oke doses nwere ike imerụ osisi, na-ebute uto na-adịghị mma ma ọ bụ ọbụna ọnwụ.
Mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi: Mpụpụ nwere PGR nwere ike imetụta osisi na microorganisms na-abụghị ebumnuche.
Ahụike mmadụ: Ijikwa nke ọma na usoro nchebe dị mkpa iji zere ihe egwu nwere ike ime ahụike mmadụ.
Ndị na-ahụ maka njikwa dị ka Agencylọ Ọrụ Nchekwa Gburugburu Ebe obibi (EPA) na United States na otu ndị yiri ya n'ụwa niile na-ahụ maka nchekwa nchekwa nke PGR iji hụ na ha adịghị etinye nnukwu ihe egwu mgbe ejiri ya nke ọma.

 

Mmechi:

Ndị na-achịkwa ihe ọkụkụ bụ ngwá ọrụ dị mkpa n'ọrụ ugbo na ihe ọkụkụ ọgbara ọhụrụ, na-enyere aka na njikwa na ịkwalite uto na mmepe osisi.Mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe nke ọma, ha na-enye ọtụtụ uru dị ka ịba ụba mkpụrụ, mma dị mma, na nguzogide nrụgide ka mma.Agbanyeghị, ijikwa nlezianya dị oke mkpa iji zere mmetụta ọjọọ nwere ike ime na osisi, gburugburu ebe obibi na ahụike mmadụ.