Benjamin Phillips, Mgbakwunye University nke Michigan;na Mary Mary Hausbeck, Ngalaba Osisi, Ala na Microbiology Sciences, MSU-Mee 1, 2019
Chlorothalonil (Bravo / Echo / Equus) bụ ọgwụ fungicides FRAC M5, mara maka ịdị mfe iji dị ka ngwaahịa kwụ ọtọ ma ọ bụ dị ka onye na-agwakọta tankị, ma nwee ike igbochi ọtụtụ nje nje.Ụfọdụ ihe atụ nke chlorothalonil fungicides eji chịkwaa ọrịa gụnyere tomato ryegrass akwukwo blight na mkpụrụ ire ere, tomato late blight, tomato anthracnose mfri eke mkpụrụ ire ere, cercospora na / ma ọ bụ aja aja akwukwo na celery petiole blight , Alternaria alternata na bee cercospora epupụta na petiole karọt, odo odo. tụrụ na asparagus ọcha, ntụpọ odo odo na eyịm, galik na leeks, na Alternaria alternata na kukumba, ugu, ugu na egusi.Na mgbakwunye na ihe atụ ọrịa ndị a, chlorothalonil na-ejekwa ozi dị ka onye mmekọ tankị dị mkpa ma nwee ike iji ya mee ihe dị ka ọgwụ fungicides megide mildew ala.N'ihi ọtụtụ ụdị omume ya, enwere ike iji ngwaahịa ahụ ugboro ugboro na n'usoro.
N'oge ụkọ, a pụrụ iji ọgwụ fungicides ndị ọzọ mee ihe, a pụkwara ịhọpụta ọgwụ ndị ọzọ iji hụ na e chebere ihe ọkụkụ.Ngalaba ndọtị nke Mahadum Michigan na-atụ aro ka ị ṅaa ntị na koodu FRAC mgbe ị na-ekpebi iji ọgwụ fungicides ọzọ sara mbara.
Mancozeb dị ka Manzate ma ọ bụ Dithane.Ọ bụ ụdị fungicide FRAC M3 sara mbara nwere mmetụta yiri ya na chlorothalonil.Enwere ike iji ya mejupụta ọtụtụ oghere ndị nwere ike ịkpata nsogbu n'ihi ụkọ chlorothalonil.N'ụzọ dị mwute, akara mancozeb enweghị ụfọdụ ozi ndebanye aha ihe ọkụkụ, gụnyere Brussels pulite, karọt, broccoli, celery na leeks.N'otu aka ahụ, oge tupu owuwe ihe ubi maka mango bụ ogologo ụbọchị 5, nke nwere ike ime ka ọ sie ike iji maka ihe ọkụkụ na-eto ngwa ngwa na ọtụtụ ihe ubi dịka kukumba, skwọsh n'oge okpomọkụ na skwọsh okpomọkụ.N'ihi na ya otutu ụdịdị omume, ngwaahịa nwere ike iji ugboro ugboro na n'usoro, ma ụfọdụ formulations nwere ike na-eji maka asparagus ugboro anọ na ọtụtụ na osisi vine maka asatọ ngwa na kasị.
Mgbanwe bụ usoro fungicides dị n'elu sara mbara nke bụ ngwakọta nke fludemonil (FRAC 9) na ciprodinil (FRAC 12).Ọ na-arụ ọrụ megide Alternaria akwukwo blight na karọt, Alternaria akwukwo tụrụ na broccoli, Brussels pulite, kabeeji na kọlịflawa, crater ire ere na celery, na-acha odo odo tụrụ na eyịm.Ọ nwere etiti oge tupu owuwe ihe ubi dị ka nke chlorothalonil.Na ndina n'ike, karọt, celery na eyịm, chlorothalonil nwere ike dochie chlorothalonil.Edebere akara ya na akwụkwọ nri akwụkwọ na akwụkwọ nri mgbọrọgwụ.Mgbe ijiri Switch ugboro abụọ, biko tụgharịa ya ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-egbu egbu na-anọchi anya koodu FRAC ọzọ, wee jiri ya ọzọ.
Scala bụ usoro fungicides dị n'ụdị sara mbara nke sitere na azoxystrobin (FRAC 9).Ọ nweghị akara maka ndina n'ike, osisi vine na asparagus.Otú ọ dị, ọ nwere ike dochie anya odo odo na galik, leeks na eyịm.Ọ nwere etiti oge owuwe ihe ubi nke yiri chlorothalonil.
Tanos bụ nnukwu ụdịdị dị iche iche, sistemu mpaghara yana nje nje kọntaktị, ngwakọta nke famoxalone (FRAC 11) na cyclophenoxy oxime (FRAC 27).Ọ na-enye aka nke ukwuu n'ịchịkwa Alternaria alternata ma ejirila ya mee ihe dị ka ngwakọta tank na ihe fungicides dị ala.Enweghị akara maka asparagus, broccoli, Brussels pulite, kabeeji, karọt, broccoli ma ọ bụ celery.Enwere ike iji ya maka vine niile, tomato, ose, eyịm, galik na leeks.N'ọtụtụ ọnọdụ, oge oge tupu owuwe ihe ubi dị mkpụmkpụ karịa nke ngwaahịa Mancozeb, mana maka mkpụrụ osisi vine, tomato na ose, oge owuwe ihe ubi ka dị ụbọchị atọ karịa nke ngwaahịa chlorothalonil.Ọ bụrụ na ejiri ya ugboro ugboro, ngwaahịa ndị dị na FRAC 11 nwere nnukwu ihe egwu nke mgbochi ọrịa.Mgbe ị na-eji Tanos na mmemme ịgba mmiri, tụgharịa ya na koodu FRAC ọzọ.
Pristine bụ nnukwu ụdịdị dị iche iche, sistemu mpaghara yana nje bacteria cross-layer, nke emere site na ijikọta nje bacteria FRAC (FRAC 11) na Carboxamide (FRAC 7).Ugbu a, a naghị akpọ ya asparagus, canola, tomato, ose na poteto.Enwere ike iji ya na ebe Bravo maka Alternaria leaf blight na vine na carrots, Alternaria leaf spot na celery, na odo odo na galik, leeks na eyịm.Ogologo oge tupu owuwe ihe ubi yiri nke chlorothalonil.Oke ngwa kachasị maka mkpụrụ osisi vine bụ ugboro anọ n'afọ, yana oke itinye yabasị, galik na leeks bụ ugboro isii n'afọ.A na-ahapụ Pristine na celery naanị ugboro abụọ n'afọ.N'ime usoro ịgba mmiri, na-anọpụ na ngwaahịa FRAC 11 oge ọ bụla ị na-eji Pristine.
Quadris / Heritage, Cabrio / Isi okwu ma ọ bụ Flint / Gem bụ sistemu ụdị dị iche iche FRAC 11 fungicides.Edebere ihe fungicides ndị a sitere na strobilurin maka ojiji n'ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ, na n'ọtụtụ oge, oge owuwe ihe ubi bụ ụbọchị 0.Ngwaahịa ndị a nwere ezigbo akụkọ ihe mere eme nke ịgwọ ọtụtụ ọrịa fungal.Agbanyeghị, FRAC 11 cone globulin nwere ikike dị elu iji mepụta nje na-eguzogide ọgwụ site n'iji ya eme ihe ugboro ugboro.Iji kpuchido ojiji nke strobilurin ma gbuo oge mmepe nke nguzogide, akara ndị dị ugbu a na-amachi ọnụ ọgụgụ nchịkwa na-esochi n'otu oge n'ime otu afọ.Maka ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ, Quadris / Heritage na-enye naanị ngwa abụọ n'usoro, Cabrio / Isi okwu na-enye naanị otu ngwa na-aga n'ihu, Flint / Gem na-enye naanị ngwa anọ kachasị.
Tebụl 1. Tụnyere ọgwụ fungicides sara mbara maka akwụkwọ nri ndị a na-akụkarị na Michigan (elele pdf iji bipụta ma ọ bụ gụọ)
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Mahadum Michigan State bụ onye na-arụ ọrụ ohere nhata nhata, na-agba mbọ nweta ọkaibe site na ndị ọrụ dị iche iche na omenala gụnyere, ma na-agba onye ọ bụla ume imezu ike ya.Atụmatụ mgbasawanye nke Mahadum Michigan State na ihe ghe oghe nye onye ọ bụla, n'agbanyeghị agbụrụ, agba, mba, okike, njirimara okike, okpukperechi, afọ, ịdị elu, ịdị arọ, nkwarụ, nkwenkwe ndọrọ ndọrọ ọchịchị, usoro mmekọahụ, ọnọdụ alụmdi na nwunye, ọnọdụ ezinụlọ, ma ọ bụ ezumike nka. Ọkwa ndị agha.Na nkwado ya na Ngalaba Agriculture nke United States, e wepụtara ya site na nkwalite MSU site na Mee 8 ruo June 30, 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, MSU Extension Director, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Ozi a bụ naanị maka ebumnuche nkuzi.Nkpọpụta ngwaahịa azụmaahịa ma ọ bụ aha azụmaahịa apụtaghị na MSU Extension kwadoro ha ma ọ bụ ngwaahịa ihu ọma akpọghị ya.Ndị Congress na-echekwa aha 4-H na akara ngosi pụrụ iche yana koodu 18 USC 707 chebe ya.