Tshuaj tua kabyog cov tshuaj siv los tua lossis tswj cov kab mob phem.Lawv tau siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb, kev noj qab haus huv thiab horticulture los tiv thaiv cov qoob loo, ib puag ncig hauv tsev thiab kev noj qab haus huv rau pej xeem.Cov tshuaj tua kab yog siv dav hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev noj qab haus huv.Lawv tsis tsuas yog nce qoob loo, tab sis kuj tseem tiv thaiv kev kis kab mob.

 

Dab tsi yog hom tshuaj tua kab?

Cov tshuaj tua kab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom xws li organophosphates, carbamates, pyrethroids,cov neonicotinoids, thiab organochlorines, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej cov tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg thiab hom kev ua, thiab siv los tswj ntau hom kab tsuag thiab tiv thaiv cov qoob loo thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv.Tom ntej no, peb mam li saib seb qhov kev faib tawm thiab cov khoom siv li cas muaj.

 

Classification raws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg

Organophosphorus Insecticides

Organophosphorus insecticides yog ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab uas siv dav hauv cov tshuaj tua kab uas inhibit enzyme acetylcholinesterase hauv kab, ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov kab mob hauv lub paj hlwb thiab kev tuag.

Dichlorvos (DDVP)

 

Malathion

Carbamate Insecticides

Carbamate insecticides cuam tshuam cov paj hlwb hauv cov kab los ntawm inhibiting enzyme acetylcholinesterase.Cov tshuaj tua kab no muaj txiaj ntsig zoo thiab ua haujlwm sai.

Methomyl

 

Pyrethroid Insecticides

Pyrethroid insecticides yog cov khoom siv hluavtaws pyrethroid uas siv lawv cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov paj hlwb hauv cov kab.Lawv yog cov yam ntxwv los ntawm tsawg toxicity, high efficiency thiab ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg.

Cypermethrin

 

Neonicotinoid Insecticides

Neonicotinoid insecticides yog ib tiam tshiab ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tua kab los ntawm kev khi rau lawv cov nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, ua rau overstimulation ntawm lub hauv nruab nrab lub paj hlwb thiab kev tuag.

Imidacloprid

Clothianidin

 

Organochlorine Insecticides

Organochlorine insecticides yog ib pawg ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ib txwm siv tau ntev thiab dav-spectrum, tab sis lawv siv tsuas yog vim lawv ib puag ncig persistence thiab bioaccumulation.Cov tshuaj tua kab organochlorine muaj xws li DDT (Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane) thiab chlordane.

 

Kev faib tawm raws li hom kev ua

Kov tshuaj tua kab
Kov-hom tshuaj tua kab ua los ntawm kev sib cuag ncaj qha nrog cov kab epidermis.Hom tshuaj tua kab no suav nrog ntau cov organophosphorus thiab pyrethroid compounds.

Cov kab mob toxicity Insecticides
Lub plab Toxicant tau noj los ntawm kab thiab siv lawv cov tshuaj lom hauv lub cev.Cov tshuaj tua kab mob plab muaj xws li carbamates thiab qee cov organophosphorus tebchaw.

Systemic Insecticides
Systemic insecticidestuaj yeem nqus tau los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ua rau ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog li tiv thaiv tag nrho cov nroj tsuag los ntawm kab tsuag.Hom tshuaj tua kab no suav nrog imidacloprid thiab furosemide.

 

Kev faib tawm raws li kev siv

Agricultural Insecticides
Agricultural insecticides feem ntau yog siv los tiv thaiv cov qoob loo los ntawm kab tsuag thiab txhim kho cov qoob loo thiab zoo.Cov no suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab mob organophosphorus, pyrethroid thiab neonicotinoid insecticides.

Sanitary Insecticides
Cov tshuaj tua kab huv yog siv los tswj cov kab kab kab xws li yoov tshaj cum, yoov thiab kab laum kom tsis txhob kis kab mob.Cov tshuaj tua kab xws li deltamethrin thiab cypermethrin.

Horticultural Insecticides
Horticultural insecticides yog siv los tiv thaiv paj, ornamentals thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo ntoo los ntawm kab tsuag.Cov tshuaj tua kab no feem ntau suav nrog cov tshuaj lom neeg tsawg, muaj txiaj ntsig zoo pyrethroids thiab neonicotinoids.

 

Mechanism ntawm kev ua ntawm insecticides

Kev cuam tshuam rau lub paj hlwb ntawm kab
Ntau cov tshuaj tua kab ua haujlwm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam cov paj hlwb ntawm cov kab, piv txwv li, organophosphorus thiab carbamate insecticides inhibit enzyme acetylcholinesterase, ua rau cov paj hlwb tsis zoo thiab cov kab tuag tuag.

Kev cuam tshuam rau endocrine system ntawm kab
Qee cov tshuaj tua kab tiv thaiv kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ntawm kab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam lawv cov kab mob endocrine, xws li kab kev loj hlob regulators (IGRs), uas inhibit qhov synthesis lossis kev ua ntawm kab moulting cov tshuaj hormones.

Kev cuam tshuam rau kev ua pa ntawm cov kab
Qee cov tshuaj tua kab tua kab los ntawm kev cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev ua pa, tiv thaiv lawv ntawm kev ua pa kom zoo.Piv txwv li, fumigants nkag mus rau hauv kab hauv lub cev hauv daim ntawv gaseous thiab cuam tshuam nrog nws cov txheej txheem ua pa.

 

Txoj kev siv tshuaj tua kab

Txau
Txau yog txoj kev siv tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws.Nws ncaj qha hu thiab tua cov kab tsuag los ntawm kev txau cov tshuaj tua kab rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag lossis qhov chaw cov kab tsuag.

Rooting
Lub hauv paus irrigation txoj kev yuav tsum ncuav cov tshuaj tua kab ncaj qha mus rau hauv cov hauv paus hniav ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiaj li hais tias nws yog absorbed los ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab ua rau tag nrho cov qhov chaw ntawm cov nroj tsuag los tiv thaiv.Txoj kev no feem ntau yog siv rau kev siv tshuaj tua kab.

Fumigation
Txoj kev fumigation siv lub gaseous daim ntawv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, uas yog tso tawm nyob rau hauv ib tug kaw ib puag ncig kom ua tiav cov nyhuv ntawm kev tua kab.Txoj kev no feem ntau siv nyob rau hauv qhov chaw kaw xws li khaws cia, warehouses thiab greenhouses.

Txoj kev nthuav tawm
Daim ntawv thov txoj kev siv cov tshuaj tua kab ncaj qha mus rau thaj chaw uas cov kab tsuag nquag nquag los yog rau saum npoo ntawm cov nroj tsuag, thiab tsim nyog rau kev tua kab tsuag hauv zos thiab tswj cov kab tsuag tshwj xeeb.

 

Tshuaj tua kabyog cov khoom tseem ceeb hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev noj qab haus huv, thiab tuaj yeem muab faib ua ntau hom raws li tshuaj muaj pes tsawg leeg, hom kev ua, thiab siv.Los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab organophosphorus zoo heev rau ib puag ncig tus phooj ywg neonicotinoids, txhua tus muaj nws tus kheej zoo.Xaiv cov tshuaj tua kab kom zoo tuaj yeem tiv thaiv cov qoob loo ntawm cov kab tsuag thiab ua kom cov khoom lag luam zoo thiab tawm los.Tsis tas li ntawd xwb, cov tshuaj tua kab tseem ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev noj qab haus huv, pab tswj cov kab kab kab thiab tiv thaiv pej xeem kev noj qab haus huv.Yog li ntawd, kev nkag siab thiab kev siv ntau hom tshuaj tua kab yog qhov tseem ceeb rau kev ua liaj ua teb thiab kev tiv thaiv kev noj qab haus huv.