Tus kab mob ecosystem killer Fipronil muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua li qhov kev xav yav dhau los thiab pom muaj nyob hauv cov dej thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas Lub Kaum Hli 27, 2020
US Geological Survey pom tias cov tshuaj tua kab sib xyaw tau dav dav hauv Asmeskas cov dej ntws thiab cov kwj dej Lub Cuaj Hli 24, 2020
Zam kev tua neeg: Daim ntawv tshaj tawm pom tias kev lag luam khaub ncaws yog qhov tseem ceeb ua rau biodiversity poob Lub Cuaj Hli 17, 2020
Arctic glaciers ntes cov tshuaj tua kab thiab lwm yam kev ua qias tuaj ntawm lub ntiaj teb, thiab tso cov tshuaj phem thaum lub ntiaj teb sov sov.Lub Yim Hli 20, 2020
Stranded dolphins nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntug dej hiav txwv muaj mob thiab kis kab mob nrog tshuaj tua kab, yas, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab hlau hnyav Lub Yim Hli 19, 2020
Ua haujlwm!Qhia Evian los txhawb kev hloov pauv thoob ntiaj teb rau cov organic los tiv thaiv kev ncaj ncees ntawm nws cov kev cai purity Lub Xya hli ntuj 27, 2020
Kev sib xyaw ua ke ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev hloov pauv huab cua ua rau muaj kev puas tsuaj loj rau coral reef ntses Lub Xya hli ntuj 21, 2020
Raws li USGS, ib lossis ntau dua cov tshuaj tua kab hauv 56% ntawm cov dej hauv cov kwj deg tau dhau los ntawm tsawg kawg yog tsoomfwv tus qauv rau cov kab mob hauv dej.Ntau yam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab no tseem cuam tshuam nrog ntau yam ntawm tib neeg thiab ib puag ncig kev noj qab haus huv, suav nrog kev mob qog noj ntshav, kev yug me nyuam, kev noj qab haus huv thiab kev ua me nyuam.Cov kev tshawb fawb hauv qab no qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov dej zoo, tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv thiab ib puag ncig.
National Water Quality: Ecological Health of National Rivers, 1993-2005, 2013 tsab ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm US Geological Survey "raws li cov xwm txheej ntawm cov zej zog lom neeg muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm lub cev thiab tshuaj lom neeg (xws li degree) Ntsuas cov kev hloov hydrological thiab concentrations ntawm as-ham thiab lwm yam kuab paug.Algae, macroinvertebrates thiab ntses tuaj yeem ntsuas kev noj qab haus huv ntawm tus dej vim tias lawv nyob hauv tus dej tau ob peb lub lis piam mus rau ob peb xyoos, yog li ntawd, raws li lub sijhawm los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev hloov pauv hauv lawv cov tshuaj lom neeg thiab lub cev ib puag ncig yog kev sib koom ua ke. "Daim ntawv tshaj tawm cov lus xaus yog: "Thaum sim nkag siab txog cov laj thawj ntawm kev poob qis hauv kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov kwj deg, ntxiv rau cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej ntws, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov as-ham thiab tshuaj tua kab yuav tsum tau txiav txim siab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog ib puag ncig."Qhov tseeb, raws li tus kws sau ntawv, tsuas yog ib feem tsib ntawm cov kwj deg hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog tau suav tias muaj kev noj qab haus huv.Cov kwj deg no zoo li muaj dej ntws ntau dua, thaum txoj kev thiab ua liaj ua teb tsim cov dej paug tsawg dua.
Qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv dej thiab sediments sau los ntawm amphibian chaw nyob thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas hauv xyoo 2009-2010.Txoj kev tshawb no ua los ntawm US Geological Service hauv 2012 tau tshawb xyuas California ntawm 2009 thiab 2010 Cov Ntaub Ntawv ntawm 11 qhov chaw hauv lub xeev thiab 18 qhov chaw nyob lwm qhov.Siv roj chromatography/mass spectrometry los soj ntsuam 96 tshuaj tua kab hauv cov qauv dej.Hauv ib lossis ntau dua ntawm 54 cov qauv dej, kuaj pom tag nrho ntawm 24 cov tshuaj tua kab, suav nrog 7 fungicides, 10 tshuaj tua kab, 4 tshuaj tua kab, 1 synergist thiab 2 tshuaj tua kab degradation khoom.Los ntawm kev siv cov kuab tshuaj nrawm nrawm, gel permeation chromatography kom tshem tawm cov sulfur thiab carbon / alumina accumululation solid phase extraction kem kom tshem tawm cov kev cuam tshuam sediment matrix, 94 tshuaj tua kab hauv cov qauv sediment txaj tau txheeb xyuas.Hauv cov xuab zeb hauv dej, 22 cov tshuaj tua kab tau kuaj pom hauv ib lossis ntau qhov qauv, suav nrog 9 cov tshuaj tua kab mob, 3 cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid, p, p'-dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (p, p'-DDT) thiab nws cov khoom tseem ceeb degradation thiab ntau yam tshuaj tua kab mob.Daim ntawv tshaj tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Lub Chaw Pabcuam Geological "Tseem muaj cov tshuaj tua kab hauv dej thiab cov sediments sau los ntawm amphibian chaw nyob thoob plaws Tebchaws Meskas txij xyoo 2009 txog 2010".
Kev daws qhov teeb meem ntawm nitrates hauv California cov dej haus Daim ntawv qhia tawm xyoo 2012 los ntawm University of California Davis (UC Davis) tau kawm plaub lub nroog ntawm Lake Tulare Basin thiab Monterey County cheeb tsam hauv Salinas Valley.Txoj kev tshawb nrhiav pom: “Qhov teeb meem nitrate yuav kav ntev mus ntau xyoo.Txog rau tam sim no, cov chiv ua liaj ua teb thiab tsiaj pov tseg siv rau hauv thaj av yog qhov loj tshaj plaws hauv cheeb tsam ntawm nitrate hauv dej hauv av;txo qhov load ntawm nitrate yog ua tau, thiab qee qhov tsis tshua kim Ib qho kev txo qis ntawm nitrate rau hauv av yuav muaj nyiaj txiag ntau;kev kho ncaj qha ntawm nitrate tshem tawm los ntawm cov dej hauv av loj yog kim thiab technically tsis ua tau.Ntawm qhov tsis sib xws, "tswj thiab fertilizing" thiab txhim kho kev tswj hwm dej hauv av Nws yog ib txoj hauv kev mus sij hawm ntev;Kev txo qis dej (xws li kev sib xyaw, kev kho thiab lwm yam dej) yog qhov zoo tshaj plaws.Raws li cov pa phem nitrate txuas ntxiv mus, hauv ntau qhov kev sib xyaw yuav dhau los ua tsawg dua.Ntau lub zej zog me tsis tuaj yeem them taus kev kho dej nyab xeeb thiab kev ua haujlwm.Cov nqi ruaj khov dua yuav cuam tshuam loj rau cov tshuab me me.Qhov txiaj ntsig zoo tshaj plaws ntawm cov nyiaj tau los yog cov nqi siv nitrogen chiv hauv cov dej ntws;nitrogen chiv siv cov nqi tuaj yeem them nyiaj rau cov zej zog me me kom txo tau cov nqi thiab qhov cuam tshuam ntawm nitrate pollution;inconsistencies thiab inaccessibility ntawm cov ntaub ntawv cuam tshuam kev soj ntsuam zoo thiab tsis tu ncua.Kev sib koom ua ke thoob plaws lub xeev yog xav tau los sib sau ua ke ntau cov ntaub ntawv ntsig txog dej uas tau ua los ntawm ntau lub xeev thiab cov koom haum hauv zos.
Tus qauv regression rau kev kwv yees qhov concentration ntawm atrazine thiab desethylatrazine nyob rau hauv cov dej ntiav hauv av hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm nyob rau hauv Phau ntawv Journal of Environmental Quality nyob rau hauv 2012 tau siv ib tug qauv los kwv yees cov dej hauv av ntiav nyob rau hauv tej thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb Tag nrho cov concentration ntawm atrazine thiab nws degraded deethylatrazine (DEA).Thoob plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias tsuas yog li 5% ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb muaj qhov tshwm sim ntau dua 10% kom dhau USEPA qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov pa phem ntawm 3.0 μgL.
Cov algae blooms ntawm Lake Erie, tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab huab cua, teeb tsa cov ntaub ntawv thiab ua raws li cov kev xav tau yav tom ntej.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm nyob rau hauv Proceedings ntawm National Academy of Sciences nyob rau hauv 2012 xaus lus tias: "Nyob ntev tiam sis nyob rau hauv kev ua liaj ua teb kev xyaum thiab phosphorus load nyob rau hauv sab hnub poob Qhov nce yog zoo ib yam.Lub pas dej hauv pas dej, cov qauv no, ua ke nrog cov huab cua puag thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2011, ua rau muaj cov khoom noj khoom haus. "Hauv luv luv, algae teeb meem hauv Lake Erie yog tshwm sim los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog cov chiv.Siv, qhov no muab kev noj haus rau kev loj hlob ntawm cov paj loj.Cov huab cua sov ua rau qhov xwm txheej no ua rau cov kab mob cyanobacteria lossis cyanobacteria loj hlob thiab sib npaug, yog li tsim cov tshuaj lom.Lub npe hu ua "Kev kawm sau tseg ntawm Lake Erie algae blooms raws li kev cia siab yav tom ntej los ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb thiab huab cua sib txawv" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Kev Ua Haujlwm ntawm National Academy of Sciences.Nyeem "Cov Xov Xwm Tshem Tawm Txhua Hnub" txij lub Plaub Hlis 2013.
Txoj hmoo thiab kev thauj mus los ntawm Glyphosate thiab Aminomethylphosphonic Acid nyob rau hauv cov dej saum npoo av ntawm Agricultural Basins Ib tsab xov xwm hauv "Pest Management Science" hauv 2012 tau txiav txim siab tias "glyphosate thiab AMPA feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv cov dej saum npoo ntawm plaub lub pas dej ua liaj ua teb."Qhov kev kuaj pom zaus thiab amplitude ntawm txhua lub phiab yog txawv, thiab cov load (raws li qhov feem pua ​​ntawm kev siv) yog nyob nruab nrab ntawm 0.009 thiab 0.86%, uas tej zaum yuav muaj feem xyuam rau peb tus yam ntxwv: qhov chaw siv, dej los nag thiab khiav txoj kev.”
Glyphosate thiab nws cov khoom degradation (AMPA) yog dav faib rau hauv av, dej saum npoo, dej hauv av thiab nag lossis daus hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2011 tso tawm los ntawm USGS los ntawm 2001 txog 2009 qhia txog cov dej thiab sediment cov qauv sau los ntawm 2001 txog 2009 Qhov concentration ntawm glyphosate.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm 3,606 ib puag ncig.1,008 cov qauv kev lees paub zoo uas tau sau los ntawm 38 lub xeev thiab Cheeb Tsam ntawm Columbia tau pom tias glyphosate yog lub xov tooj ntawm tes ntau dua li qhov kev xav yav dhau los thiab tau nthuav dav ntau hauv ib puag ncig.Glyphosate feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv av thiab sediment (91% ntawm cov qauv), kwj thiab ntws (71%), nag lossis daus (71%), ntws (51%) thiab dej loj (46%) rau;Hauv cov av ntub dej (38%), dej hauv av (34%), pas dej (22%), cov chaw kho dej khib nyiab (WWTP) qhov hluav taws xob (9%) thiab dej hauv av (6%) tshwm sim tsawg dua.Lub koom haum American Geophysical Union tau luam tawm ib txoj kev tshawb fawb ntawm "Kev faib dav dav ntawm Glyphosate thiab nws cov khoom degradation (AMPA) hauv av, dej ntog, av thiab nag lossis daus hauv Tebchaws Meskas, 2001-2009".
Qhov tshwm sim thiab txoj hmoo ntawm glyphosate thiab nws degradable aminomethylphosphonic acid nyob rau hauv cov huab cua.Nyob rau hauv 2011, tsab xov xwm no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Toxins thiab Chemicals" yog hais txog glyphosate, feem ntau siv tshuaj tua kab mob thiab nws thawj tsab ntawv ceeb toom ntawm ib puag ncig theem ntawm degradation loj.Cov khoom tsim tawm aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) nyob rau hnub los nag thiab nag ... Nyob rau hnub los nag thiab nag, qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm glyphosate ntau li ntawm 60% mus rau 100%.Hauv cov qauv huab cua thiab dej nag, qhov concentration ntawm glyphosate yog nyob rau hauv thaj tsam ntawm <0.01 txog 9.1 ng / m (3) thiab <0.1 txog 2.5 µg / L… Nws tseem tsis tau paub meej tias feem pua ​​​​ntawm glyphosate yuav raug qhia rau hauv huab cua. , tab sis nws tau kwv yees tias txog li 0.7% ntawm cov ntawv thov raug tshem tawm ntawm huab cua thaum los nag.Glyphosate tuaj yeem raug tshem tawm ntawm huab cua;Nws tau kwv yees tias ib lub lim tiam los nag ntawm ≥30 hli tuaj yeem tshem tawm qhov nruab nrab ntawm 97% ntawm glyphosate hauv huab cua "
Pawg Neeg Ua Haujlwm Ib Cheeb Tsam ntawm Hexavalent Chromium hauv Cov Dej Siv Hauv Tebchaws Meskas pom nyob rau hauv tsab ntawv tshaj tawm tawm xyoo 2011 tias, raws li kev kuaj sim, "cov kais dej ntawm 31 ntawm 35 lub nroog hauv Tebchaws Meskas muaj hexavalent chromium (lossis hexavalent chromium) .Qhov no yog carcinogenic "Eileen Brokovic Chemical."Qhov siab tshaj plaws tau kuaj pom hauv Norman, Oklahoma.Honolulu, Hawaii;25 lub nroog kuaj los ntawm EWG muaj cov kab mob carcinogens ntau dua li California Lub hom phiaj kev noj qab haus huv tau npaj rau pej xeem.Cov ntsiab lus ntawm cov dej kais dej (cov pej xeem 90,000) los ntawm Norman, Oklahoma yog ntau dua 200 npaug ntawm kev txwv kev nyab xeeb uas tau hais los ntawm California. "
Los ntawm 2005 mus rau 2006, azoxystrobin, propiconazole thiab lwm yam fungicides xaiv tau tshwm sim nyob rau hauv American Rivers.Xyoo 2011 tsab xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Dej, Huab Cua thiab av paug" pom: "Muaj 103 cov qauv Tsawg kawg ib tus kab mob tau kuaj pom hauv 56%, thiab txog li 5 ntawm lawv yog cov kab mob.Nws tau raug kuaj pom hauv ib qho qauv, thiab kev sib xyaw ntawm cov kab mob bactericides tau tshwm sim.Qhov kuaj pom ntau tshaj plaws yog azoazolone (45 tawm ntawm 103 kuaj).%), ua raws li metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), mycotin (9%) thiab tebuconazole (6%).Kev tshawb nrhiav ntau yam ntawm fungicides yog 0.002 txog 1.15μg / L.Yog Muaj cov cim qhia tias qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob fungicides yog raws caij nyoog, thiab kev kuaj pom tus nqi siab dua nyob rau lub caij ntuj sov lig thiab lub caij nplooj zeeg ntxov tshaj li lub caij nplooj ntoos hlav, thiab qhov kev kuaj pom tau siab dua.Hauv qee qhov chaw, cov tshuaj tua kab mob tau kuaj pom hauv txhua cov qauv sau, uas qhia tau tias qee cov kwj dej tuaj yeem tshwm sim thoob plaws lub caij ..."
Kev hloov pauv ntawm kev siv thiab tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv dej saum npoo av hauv California thaj chaw cog qoob loo.Txoj kev tshawb no tso tawm los ntawm USGS hauv xyoo 2011 "kev tshawb xyuas cov kev hloov pauv hauv cov dej zoo ntawm California cov nplej teb, uas yog qhov tseem ceeb rau Sacramento / San Joaquin River Delta, Sacramento / San Joaquin River Delta yog qhov chaw tseem ceeb rau ntau tus neeg raug hem thawj.92 tshuaj tua kab thiab tshuaj tua kab degradation cov khoom hauv cov qauv dej lim tau txheeb xyuas los ntawm cov pa roj chromatography/mass spectrometry.Azoxystrobin thiab azoxystrobin thiab tshuaj tua kab degradation cov khoom raug kuaj pom hauv txhua tus qauv.3,4-DCA (lub ntsiab decomposition khoom ntawm propane), cov concentrations uas yog 136 thiab 128μg, feem./L, clomazone thiab thiobencarb tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv ntau tshaj 93% ntawm cov qauv dej, qhov siab tshaj plaws concentration yog 19.4 thiab 12.4μg. /L.Propylene glycol muaj nyob rau hauv 60% ntawm cov qauv nrog qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm 6.5μg / L.
Kev soj ntsuam ntau ntawm Organic Phosphate Pesticides in Urban Drinking Water Txoj kev tshawb no, luam tawm nyob rau hauv International Journal of Mass Spectrometry nyob rau hauv 2011, tau siv ib txoj kev rhiab heev los ntsuas yim cov organic tebchaw hauv cov qauv dej nrog ngL-1 concentration.Phosphate tshuaj tua kab.Cov kws tshawb nrhiav pom monocrotophos, imidacloprid, triazophos, attriazine, propanol, quinolol, thiab methazine hauv cov organic phosphates hauv dej haus thiab dej phwj sau los ntawm ntau qhov chaw hauv nroog.
Kev sib piv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv thaj teb thiab kev poob qis: kev soj ntsuam yim xyoo.Xyoo 2010 tsab xov xwm luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal "Environmental Quality" tau kawm txog kev khiav dej num thiab kev hloov pauv ntawm diazepam thiab metapropamide.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias txawm tias qhov vapor pressures ntawm ob cov tshuaj tua kab mob kuj tsawg, lawv qhov kev poob qis yog qhov loj dua qhov kev poob qis (<0.007).Qhov siab tshaj plaws txhua xyoo runoff poob ntawm alachlor yeej tsis tshaj 2.5%, thiab cov dej ntws ntawm attrition yeej tsis tshaj 3% ntawm daim ntawv thov.Ntawm qhov tod tes, cov volatilization poob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab tom qab 5 hnub yog li ntawm 5-63% ntawm metolachlor thiab txog 2-12% ntawm dezine.Tsis tas li ntawd, qhov poob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob thaum nruab hnub tau ntau dua li qhov vapor poob thaum hmo ntuj (<0.05).Txoj kev tshawb no tau lees paub tias qhov vapor poob ntawm qee cov tshuaj tua kab uas siv tshuaj tua kab feem ntau tshaj qhov poob dej.Nyob rau tib qhov chaw thiab siv tib txoj kev tswj hwm, cov tshuaj tua kab mob vapor poob yuav sib txawv heev ntawm ib xyoos mus rau ib xyoos vim yog ib puag ncig hauv zos.”
Kev nyiam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab concentration hauv cov dej hauv nroog hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Los ntawm 1992 txog 2008, txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2010 tso tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological Survey tau sau cov qauv los ntawm cov dej hauv nroog hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab kuaj xyuas qhov muaj "yim tshuaj tua kab mob thiab ib qho khoom degradation."(Simazine, promer, atrazine, des-ethylatrazine”, alachlor, trifluralin, pendimethalin, tebutinol thiab dakota, thiab tsib tshuaj tua kab Thiab ob yam khoom degradation (toxorrif, malathion, diazinon, fipronil, fipronil sulfide, dessulfoxybaricides thiab herbicides). Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom ntau yam tseem ceeb, txawm tias nce toj lossis nqes mus, sib txawv ntawm txoj kev lawv hloov nyob ntawm lub sijhawm, thaj tsam, thiab tshuaj tua kab mob.
Xyoo 2002-05, anthropogenic organic tebchaw hauv cuaj lub zej zog cov dej tau raug tshem tawm ntawm cov kwj deg.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological Survey (USGS) hauv xyoo 2008 pom tias "kwv yees li ib nrab (134) ntawm cov tshuaj tau kuaj pom tsawg kawg ib zaug hauv cov qauv dej.Feem ntau 47 cov tebchaw (hauv 10% lossis ntau dua) Cov Qauv), thiab 6 lub tebchaw (chloroform, r-dezine, octazine, metolachlor, desethylatrazine thiab hexahydrohexamethylcyclopentabenzopyridine) tau kuaj pom ntau dua ib nrab ntawm cov qauv HHCB.yog qhov feem ntau pom qhov sib xyaw ua ke hauv tsib qhov chaw ntawm txhua qhov chaw (ib xyoos puag ncig).Qhov kev tshawb pom ntawm chloroform, aromatic hydrocarbon HHCB thiab acetylhexamethyltetralin (AHTN) qhia tau hais tias cov dej khib nyiab nyob rau sab saud ntawm lub phiab muaj kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim thiab muaj nyob ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob.Cov tshuaj herbicides attriazine, simazine thiab metolachlor kuj yog cov tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws.Cov tshuaj tua kab mob no thiab cov khoom degradation ntawm ob peb lwm cov tshuaj herbicides feem ntau muaj feem xyuam nrog cov niam txiv sib xyaw Kev Ntsuas ntawm qhov sib xws lossis siab dua.Nws feem ntau muaj qhov sib xyaw ntawm ob lossis ntau qhov sib xyaw.Tag nrho cov tebchaw thiab lawv tag nrho c Raws li tus naj npawb ntawm nroog thiab thaj av ua liaj ua teb hauv lub phiab nce, qhov concentration ntawm cov qauv feem ntau nce. "
Los ntawm 1991 txog 2004, cov dej zoo ntawm cov dej hauv tsev hauv cov dej loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Nov yog 2008 tsab xov xwm luam tawm los ntawm Tebchaws Meskas Geological Survey (USGS) ua ib feem ntawm National Water Quality Assessment Program."Cov qauv dej tau muab coj los siv thaum xyoo 1991-2004.Sau los ntawm lub qhov dej hauv tsev (haus dej los ntawm cov qhov dej ntiag tug uas siv hauv tsev neeg) los tshuaj xyuas cov pa phem hauv cov dej haus.Raws li lub ntsiab lus ntawm Txoj Cai Dej Haus Dej Nyab Xeeb, cov pa phem raug suav tias yog txhua yam khoom hauv dej… Muaj txog 23 tag nrho.% Ntawm cov qhov dej muaj tsawg kawg yog ib qho kuab paug uas nws cov concentration ntau dua MCL lossis HBSL.Raws li kev soj ntsuam ntawm cov qauv los ntawm 1389 qhov dej, feem ntau ntawm cov pa phem hauv cov qauv no tau ntsuas ... "
Kev tshuaj xyuas kev tshawb fawb ntawm kev tshawb fawb geological ntawm Chesapeake Bay Ecosystem hauv Tebchaws Meskas thiab nws qhov tseem ceeb rau kev tswj hwm ib puag ncig.Tsab ntawv xov xwm no tau tshaj tawm los ntawm USGS xyoo 2007 yog cov ntsiab lus hauv qab no: “Kev hloov pauv kev siv av, dej zoo hauv lub phiab, suav nrog cov as-ham, sediments thiab cov pa phem;Nyob rau hauv cov nqe lus ntawm kev hloov mus sij hawm ntev nyob rau hauv dej zoo ntawm lub estuary, lub estuary chaw nyob yog concentrated nyob rau hauv underwater dej nroj tsuag thiab tidal wetlands, raws li zoo raws li tej yam uas cuam tshuam rau cov ntses thiab cov noog dej. "… “Cov tshuaj tua kab hluavtaws hluavtaws thiab qee yam khoom siv degradation tau nyob hauv cov dej hauv av thiab cov kwj deg ntawm Gulf Basin Nws tau tshawb pom dav.Cov tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws yog cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau hauv pob kws, taum pauv thiab cov nplej me me.Cov tshuaj tua kab kuj raug kuaj pom hauv nroog.Cov tshuaj tua kab muaj nyob rau txhua xyoo, tab sis cov kev hloov hauv lawv cov concentration qhia txog cov ntawv thov thiab cov yam ntxwv uas cuam tshuam rau lawv txoj kev tsiv teb tsaws chaw;Cov pa phem tshwm sim xws li tshuaj thiab cov tshuaj hormones kuj tau pom nyob rau hauv Gulf Basin, uas muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv cov dej phwj hauv nroog.
Cov tshuaj tua kab ua liaj ua teb thiab qee yam khoom siv degradation ntawm tsib thaj chaw tidal thiab pob tw ntawm Chesapeake Bay hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Tsab ntawv luam tawm hauv "Environmental Toxicology thiab Chemistry" hauv xyoo 2007 tau kawm txog tshuaj tua kab ua liaj ua teb hauv tsib cheeb tsam tidal: "Thaum lub caij nplooj ntoo hlav xyoo 2000, cov qauv dej saum npoo tau sau los ntawm 18 qhov chaw hauv Chesapeake Bay.Kev tshuaj xyuas tshuaj tua kab.Xyoo 2004, 61 lub chaw huab cua nyob hauv ntau thaj chaw tidal tau pom tias muaj 21 cov tshuaj tua kab thiab 11 cov khoom degradation, peb ntawm cov uas nyob rau ntawm Agricultural Del Mar Peninsula: Chester River, Nantic River thiab Pocomok River, ob thaj chaw nyob rau sab hnub poob ntawm lub lub nroog.Cov ntug dej hiav txwv: Rhode River, Procyon thiab Lower Mobok Bay, suav nrog Hou River thiab Pokson River.Hauv ob txoj kev tshawb fawb no, tshuaj tua kab mob thiab lawv cov khoom degradation tau pom ntau tshaj plaws hauv xyoo 2000, pyrazine thiab alachlor tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho 18 qhov chaw hauv 2000. Xyoo 2004, qhov siab tshaj plaws ntawm cov niam txiv tshuaj tua kab mob tau pom nyob rau thaj tsam Chester River.Nyob rau hauv cov kev tshawb fawb no, ib qho kev tsom xam Cov concentrations ntawm cov tshuaj yog ethane sulfonic acid ntawm 2,900 ng / L metolachlor (MESA) nyob rau hauv tus dej Nanticoke.Cov khoom degradation MESA muaj nyob hauv Pocomoke River (2,100 ng / L) thiab Chester River (1,200 ng / L).Qhov ntsuas ntsuas hauv L) kuj yog qhov siab tshaj. "
National Water Quality-Pesticides in National kwj dej thiab av av.Xyoo 2006 tsab xov xwm luam tawm los ntawm USGS los ntawm 1992 txog 2001 lub hom phiaj los teb: "Dab tsi yog qhov zoo ntawm cov kwj dej thiab cov dej hauv av hauv peb lub teb chaws?Lub sijhawm zoo hloov pauv li cas?Dab tsi yog yam ntxwv thiab tib neeg kev ua ub no?Muaj feem xyuam rau qhov zoo ntawm cov dej ntws thiab dej hauv av.Qhov twg yog qhov cuam tshuam pom tseeb tshaj plaws?Los ntawm kev sib txuas cov ntaub ntawv hais txog dej chemistry, cov yam ntxwv ntawm lub cev, cov dej nyob hauv dej thiab cov kab mob hauv dej, NAWQA qhov kev pab cuam lub hom phiaj los muab kev tshawb fawb txog kev tshawb fawb txog cov teeb meem dej tam sim no thiab cov teeb meem tseem ceeb thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev nkag siab ntawm NAWQA.Cov txiaj ntsig ntawm NAWQA pab txiav txim siab paub txog kev tswj dej kom zoo thiab kev tiv thaiv dej zoo thiab cov tswv yim kho dua tshiab. "
Tus qauv dej toxicity ntawm kev ua liaj ua teb hauv ntug dej hiav txwv hauv California tau luam tawm xyoo 1999 hauv Kev Ua Liaj Ua Teb, Ecosystem thiab Ib puag ncig."Lub hom phiaj yog txhawm rau tshawb xyuas qhov tshwm sim, qhov hnyav, qhov chaw thiab ua rau cov dej muaj kuab lom ntawm cov dej tsis zoo hauv cov dej hiav txwv thiab cov estuaries.Cov pa phem tawm tswv yim los ntawm thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog ze ze ntawm Pajaro River estuary system, xaiv estuaries, cov dej ntws ntws, cov sludges thiab xya qhov chaw hauv cov dej ntws ua liaj ua teb los txheeb xyuas cov tributaries uas tuaj yeem ua rau dej ntws mus rau estuary.Peb cov tshuaj tua kab (toxaphene, DDT thiab diazinon tau pom tias muaj ntau dua li cov ntaub ntawv tshaj tawm cov tshuaj lom neeg rau cov dej hauv zos, qhov dej toxicity tseem ceeb cuam tshuam txog kev nce hauv dej ntws.
Kev tshawb fawb dej thiab tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv tau pom tias triclosan thiab nws cov khoom muaj kuab lom decomposition kis tau cov pas dej tshiab.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm xyoo 2013 los ntawm Environmental Science thiab Technology tau kuaj cov av ntawm cov pas dej tshiab hauv Minnesota, suav nrog Lake Superior.Tus kws sau ntawv ntawm txoj kev tshawb no, Dr. Bill Arnold, tus xibfwb ntawm University of Minnesota, tau hais tias: "Peb pom tias hauv txhua lub pas dej, muaj triclosan nyob rau hauv cov sediments, thiab txij li kev tsim cov triclosan hauv xyoo 1964, tag nrho cov concentration. tau nce.Txog hnub no.Peb kuj tau tshawb pom tias muaj xya lwm lub tebchaw uas yog derivatives lossis degradation cov khoom ntawm triclosan, uas kuj muaj nyob rau hauv cov sediments, thiab lawv cov concentrations kuj nce raws sij hawm. "Qee cov khoom siv decomposition nrhiav tau los ntawm cov kws tshawb fawb Lawv yog polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), ib chav kawm ntawm cov tshuaj uas paub tias muaj tshuaj lom rau tib neeg thiab tsiaj qus.Nyeem qhov "Kev Tshem Tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag, Lub Ib Hlis 2013.
Qhov tshwm sim thiab muaj peev xwm ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid nyob rau hauv cov dej sediments ntawm xya lub nroog loj hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Qhov kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2012 no tau luam tawm hauv Environmental Science thiab Technology tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv hauv tebchaws ntawm pyrethroid insecticides., Pom tau tias "ib lossis ntau tus pyrethroids tau kuaj pom nyob rau hauv yuav luag ib nrab ntawm cov qauv, ntawm cov uas bifenthrin muaj qhov ntsuas siab tshaj plaws.Nquag (41%), thiab pom nyob rau hauv txhua cheeb tsam nroog.Kev kuaj pom Qhov zaus ntawm cyfluthrin, cypermethrin, permethrin thiab permethrin yog qis dua.Cov pyrethroid concentration thiab hyaluronic acid tuag nyob rau hauv 28-hnub mus sib hais yog qis dua cov kev tshawb fawb dej hauv nroog.Kev hloov pauv ntawm logarithmic ntawm tag nrho cov pyrethroids Toxic units (TUs) muaj feem cuam tshuam rau cov ciaj sia taus, thiab bifenthrin tuaj yeem ua lub luag haujlwm rau feem ntau ntawm cov tshuaj toxicity.Txoj kev tshawb no qhia tau hais tias pyrethroids feem ntau pom nyob rau hauv lub nroog cov dej sediments thiab tej zaum yuav muab tso rau thoob plaws hauv dej hiav txwv.Lub teb chaws."
Cov kab mob urinary biomarkers ntawm prenatal Atrazine raug thiab tshwm sim tsis zoo thaum yug los hauv PELAGIE yug pawg.Txoj kev tshawb no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Health Perspective" thiab "kuaj xyuas qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm qhov tshwm sim tsis zoo thaum yug los thiab tso zis biomarkers ntawm prenatal atrazine raug.Qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm ob hom tshuaj tua kab mob no thiab raug lwm cov tshuaj tua kab mob siv rau cov qoob loo pob kws (octazine, pretilachlor, metolachlor thiab acetochlor)… Txoj kev tshawb no siv cov ntaub ntawv tsim qauv, thiab cov ntaub ntawv tau muab tso rau hauv 2002 Nyob rau hauv lub neej yav tom ntej yug cohort ua nyob rau hauv Brittany, Fab Kis mus txog rau xyoo 2006. Peb tau sau cov tshuaj tso zis los ntawm cov poj niam cev xeeb tub los tshuaj xyuas biomarkers ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ua ntej 19th.Txoj kev tshawb no yog thawj zaug los ntsuas kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev yug me nyuam thiab triazines thiab triazines.Kev tshawb fawb txog kev koom tes ntawm ntau cov zis biomarkers ntawm chloroacetanilide tshuaj tua kab mob.Rau cov teb chaws uas tseem siv atrazine, cov pov thawj cuam tshuam txog kev yug menyuam tsis zoo tau nyiam tshwj xeeb. "
Kev soj ntsuam tib neeg txoj cai ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab mob hauv huab cua hauv thiab ib puag ncig Delta Lake hauv Oregon, tsab ntawv tshaj tawm xyoo 2011 tau tshaj tawm los ntawm Pawg Neeg Saib Xyuas Ib Cheeb Tsam thiab Tib Neeg Txoj Cai tau kawm txog kev cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab hauv huab cua rau cov ntoo nyob ze cov tsev neeg thiab lawv cov kev noj qab haus huv rau cov tsev neeg no."Tom qab Weyerhaeuser tau ua huab cua txau rau lub Plaub Hlis 8 thiab Lub Plaub Hlis 19, raws li, cov qauv zis los ntawm 34 tus neeg nyob hauv, suav nrog cov neeg nyob hauv, tau muab rau Emory University lub chaw kuaj mob thiab kuaj rau thiab 2, Qhov muaj 4-D.Tag nrho peb caug-plaub cov qauv urea tau kuaj pom zoo rau ob qho tshuaj tua kab mob.Ob qho piv txwv: tus neeg laus cov zis tso zis ntawm atrazine nce 129 hauv cov zis tom qab siv dav hlau %, nce 31% hauv cov zis 2,4-D, nce 163% cov zis ntim ntawm atrazine hauv cov zis ntawm tus poj niam laus. Cov neeg nyob hauv, thiab 54 thiab ob peb lub hlis dhau los Piv nrog rau theem pib, feem pua ​​​​ntawm 2,4-D hauv cov zis tom qab daim ntawv thov dav hlau tau nce.Los ntawm kev xav ntawm tib neeg cov qauv kev cai, qhov no yuav ua rau lub luag haujlwm ntawm lub koom haum. "
Cov kab mob tshuaj tua kab mob hnyav uas cuam tshuam nrog kev siv tshuaj tua kab tawm los ntawm kev siv ua liaj ua teb: 11 lub teb chaws, 1998-2006, txoj kev tshawb no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Health Perspective", "kwv yees qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov kab mob hnyav tshwm sim los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab drift nyob rau sab nraum zoov ua liaj ua teb daim ntawv sau npe. , thiab characterize drift exposure thiab kab mob. "Cov txiaj ntsig tau qhia: "Txij li xyoo 1998 txog 2006, peb pom 2945 tus neeg mob cuam tshuam txog kev poob tshuaj tua kab los ntawm 11 lub xeev.Peb qhov kev tshawb pom qhia tias 47% ntawm cov neeg raug mob thaum ua hauj lwm, 92% ntawm cov neeg raug kev txom nyem los ntawm cov kab mob tsawg dua, thiab 14% ntawm cov me nyuam ( <15 xyoo).Lub sijhawm 9 xyoo no, qhov tshwm sim txhua xyoo yog li ntawm 1.39 txog 5.32 ib lab tus tib neeg.Hauv Kalifonias Ntawm tsib lub nroog ua liaj ua teb hnyav, tag nrho cov xwm txheej ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm ua liaj ua teb (lab tus neeg-xyoo) yog 114.3, lwm tus neeg ua haujlwm yog 0.79, tsis muaj haujlwm yog 1.56, thiab cov neeg nyob hauv yog 42.2.Daim ntawv thov ntawm fumigants nyob rau hauv cov av account rau qhov loj tshaj plaws kev faib ua feem (45%) Aviation daim ntawv thov accounted rau 24% ntawm cov neeg mob.Cov xwm txheej uas ua rau muaj xwm txheej muaj xws li huab cua, kev sib khi tsis raug ntawm qhov chaw fumigation, thiab kev tsis saib xyuas ntawm cov neeg thov nyob ze thaj chaw tsis yog lub hom phiaj. "Txoj kev tshawb no xaus lus: "Vim tias muaj kev cuam tshuam, cov neeg ua liaj ua teb thiab cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb muaj cov tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws, thiab av fumigation yog qhov teeb meem loj, ua rau muaj kev sib tsoo loj.Peb cov txiaj ntsig kev tshawb fawb qhia txog thaj chaw uas muaj kev cuam tshuam tuaj yeem raug txo los ntawm kev sib txawv.
Cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj puas ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau estrogenicity ntawm cov dej haus?Txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2011 tau tshuaj xyuas cov ntaub ntawv ntawm ntau qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen nyob rau saum npoo av, dej thiab dej haus los txiav txim seb OCs yog qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj estrogen hauv cov dej saum npoo av, tsom mus rau cov active molecules los ntawm OC.Tus sau tau pom tias kev lag luam thiab kev ua liaj ua teb tsis yog tso cov tshuaj estrogen nkaus xwb, tab sis kuj tso tawm lwm yam tshuaj phem uas tuaj yeem ua rau cov tshuaj estrogen.Cov tebchaw no ua rau tag nrho cov tshuaj estrogen muaj kuab paug ntawm peb cov dej.Txoj kev tshawb no tau txheeb xyuas cov tshuaj tua kab ua ib qho txiaj ntsig rau cov tshuaj estrogen hauv dej.Ntau cov tshuaj tua kab hu ua xenoestrogens.Lawv ua cov tshuaj estrogen thiab rhuav tshem cov kab mob endocrine.Txoj kev tshawb no "Puas cov tshuaj tiv thaiv qhov ncauj ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo rau cov tshuaj estrogen hauv cov dej haus?"tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Environmental Science thiab Technology.Nyeem cov ntawv "Kev tshem tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag txij lub Kaum Ob Hlis 2010.
Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws thiab kev tsim cov tshuaj hormones ntawm cov poj niam raug azine hauv dej haus "Kev Tshawb Fawb Ib puag ncig" Daim ntawv tshaj tawm luam tawm xyoo 2011 "kawm txog kev sib raug zoo ntawm azine raug rau hauv cov dej haus thiab kev coj khaub ncaws ua haujlwm (xws li kev yug me nyuam cov tshuaj hormones).Kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov poj niam hnub nyoog 18-40 xyoo nyob hauv cov zej zog ua liaj ua teb teb cov lus nug (n = 102) nyob rau hauv rooj plaub ntawm kev siv ntau ntawm atrazine (Illinois) thiab kev siv tsawg ntawm atrazine (Vermont).Daim ntawv teev hnub yug lub voj voog (n = 67), thiab kuaj cov zis txhua hnub yog muab rau kev soj ntsuam ntawm luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol thiab progesterone metabolites (n = 35).Cov tsos mob tshwm sim muaj xws li qhov chaw nyob, dej kais dej, dej hauv nroog Thiab qhov concentration ntawm atrazine thiab chlorotriazine hauv cov zis, thiab qhov kwv yees ntawm cov dej haus.Cov poj niam nyob hauv Illinois feem ntau yuav tshaj tawm cov kev coj khaub ncaws tsis tu ncua (qhov txawv (OR) = 4.69; 95% kev ntseeg siab lub sijhawm (CI)): 1.58-13.95), thiab lub caij nyoog ntawm ob lub hlis yog ntau tshaj 6 lub lis piam (OR = 6.16; 95% CI: 1.29-29.38).Kev noj txhua hnub ntawm> 2 khob dej Illinois uas tsis tau lim dej yuav ua rau lub sijhawm tsis xwm yeem txaus ntshai (OR = 5.73; 95% CI: 1.58-20.77).Qhov kwv yees "dose" ntawm r thiab chlorotriazine nyob rau hauv kais dej yog inversely proportional rau qhov nruab nrab metabolites ntawm estradiol nyob rau hauv nruab nrab luteal theem.Qhov "dose" ntawm lub nroog concentration ntawm dezine Nws yog ncaj qha ntsig txog qhov ntev ntawm follicular lub sij hawm, thiab inversely cuam tshuam rau qhov nruab nrab metabolite theem ntawm progesterone nyob rau hauv lub thib ob luteal theem.Cov pov thawj ua ntej peb muab qhia tau hais tias qhov kis tau tus mob atrazine qis dua li US EPA MCL, uas cuam tshuam rau qhov tsis xwm yeem ntawm kev coj khaub ncaws.Qhov kev ncua ntev yog cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv qib ntawm endocrine biomarkers hauv kev coj khaub ncaws ntawm kev xeeb tub. "
Kev soj ntsuam ntawm kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab turfgrass ntws mus rau cov dej haus.Cornell University (Cornell University) tau tshaj tawm xyoo 2011 tau ua kev soj ntsuam tib neeg kev noj qab haus huv ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm cov nyom thiab cov chaw ntaus golf hauv 9 tib neeg qhov chaw los ntawm kev siv Destiny thiab cov qauv kev thauj mus los.Cov tshuaj tua kab ntau ntawm 37 cov tshuaj tua kab turf tau sau npe rau kev siv ntawm cov kev ntaus golf tau muab piv nrog cov qauv dej haus… Rau txoj kev ncaj ncees, ob qho tib si isoproturon thiab 24-D ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo mob thiab mob ntev hauv ntau dua 3 qhov chaw.Tsuas yog qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev siv chlorobutanil ntawm cov zaub ntsuab thiab T-shirts tau pom.MCPA, nyom dione thiab 24-D siv rau cov nyom tuaj yeem ua rau mob hnyav thiab mob ntev.Cov concentration ntawm acephate siv rau ntawm txoj kev ncaj ncees nrog mob RQ≥0.01 hauv plaub qhov chaw yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab cov concentration ntawm oxadiazon thov rau cov nyom nrog mob RQ≥0.01 hauv Houston yog qhov siab tshaj.Cov tshuaj tua kab concentration hauv txoj kev ncaj ncees yog qhov siab tshaj plaws, thiab cov tshuaj tua kab hauv ntsuab yog qhov qis tshaj.Qhov cuam tshuam loj tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nag lossis daus txhua xyoo thiab lub caij loj hlob ntev, thaum qhov cuam tshuam tsawg tshaj plaws tau pom nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam uas muaj nag lossis daus tsawg.Cov txiaj ntsig no qhia tau hais tias cov neeg nyob hauv thaj chaw los nag hnyav tuaj yeem raug tshuaj tua kab ntau dua hauv lawv cov dej haus ntau dua li kev kwv yees los ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency qhov kev soj ntsuam kev pheej hmoo.”
Kev noj tshuaj nitrate thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov thyroid cancer thiab thyroid kab mob.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv Epidemiology hauv xyoo 2010 tau tshawb xyuas kev noj cov nitrate hauv cov khoom siv dej pej xeem thiab kev noj haus hauv ib pawg ntawm 21977 cov poj niam laus hauv Iowa.Kev sib raug zoo ntawm kev nkag mus thiab cov qog nqaij hlav qog noj ntshav thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm tus kheej qhia txog hypothyroidism thiab hyperthyroidism.Lawv tau cuv npe rau xyoo 1986 thiab tau siv tib qhov dej rau ntau tshaj 10 xyoo.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias cov poj niam uas siv cov khoom siv dej hauv pej xeem nrog qib nitrate ntawm 5 milligrams ib liter (mg / liter) lossis siab dua rau ntau tshaj tsib xyoos muaj ze li peb npaug ntawm cov thyroid cancer.Kev noj haus nitrate ntau ntxiv yog cuam tshuam nrog kev pheej hmoo ntawm cov thyroid thiab kev pheej hmoo ntawm hypothyroidism, tab sis tsis yog hyperthyroidism.Cov kws tshawb fawb qhia tias nitrates inhibits cov thyroid muaj peev xwm siv iodide, uas xav tau rau cov thyroid ua haujlwm."Study on Nitrate Intake and the Risk of Thyroid Cancer and Thyroid Disease" tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv kev sib kis.Nyeem cov ntawv "Kev tshem tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag txij thaum Lub Xya Hli 2010.
Cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev yug me nyuam hauv Cov Dej Ntog hauv Tebchaws Meskas Txoj kev tshawb no, luam tawm hauv Acta Paediatrica hauv 2009, tshawb xyuas "yog tias qhov kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev yug me nyuam hauv cov menyuam yug los nyob rau hauv lub hlis nrog cov tshuaj tua kab hauv dej siab tshaj plaws yog ntau dua ..." txoj kev tshawb no xaus Qhov xaus yog tias "qhov nce ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ntau ntxiv ntawm LMP cov menyuam yug los nyob rau lub Plaub Hlis txog Lub Xya Hli muaj kev pheej hmoo ntau dua ntawm kev yug me nyuam hauv cov me nyuam mos hauv dej.Txawm hais tias txoj kev tshawb no tsis tuaj yeem ua pov thawj qhov kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev yug me nyuam, lub koom haum no tuaj yeem muab cov lus qhia rau cov xwm txheej sib koom los ntawm ob qhov sib txawv no. "Nyeem cov ntawv "Kev tshem tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag mus txij lub Plaub Hlis 2009.
Dioxins nyob rau hauv triclosan yog nce nyob rau hauv dej.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm xyoo 2010 los ntawm Environmental Science thiab Technology tau tshawb xyuas cov qauv hauv paus ntsiab lus uas muaj cov ntaub ntawv khaws tseg ntawm cov pa phem los ntawm Pepin Lake hauv 50 xyoo dhau los.Ping Lake yog ib feem ntawm Mississippi River 120 mais downstream ntawm Minneapolis-St.Paul Metropolitan Thaj Chaw.Tom qab ntawd cov sediment qauv tau soj ntsuam rau triclosan, triclosan thiab plaub dioxins hauv tag nrho cov tshuaj dioxin tsev neeg.Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias txawm tias qib ntawm tag nrho lwm cov dioxins tau poob los ntawm 73-90% hauv peb lub xyoo dhau los, cov qib ntawm plaub dioxins sib txawv los ntawm triclosan tau nce los ntawm 200-300%.Nyeem cov xov xwm niaj hnub Tshaj Tawm Tshaj Tawm, Tsib Hlis 2010.
Kev siv dej hauv qhov dej thiab tus kab mob Parkinson nyob rau thaj chaw deb nroog California.Txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2009 tau luam tawm hauv "Environmental Health Perspective" thiab kawm txog 26 yam tshuaj tua kab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog 6 tshuaj tua kab."Xaiv lawv vim tias lawv tuaj yeem ua paug rau hauv av lossis vim tias lawv muaj kev phom sij rau PD.Nws raug xaiv, thiab tsawg kawg 10% ntawm peb cov pej xeem raug nthuav tawm. "Lawv yog: diazinon, toxrif, propargyl, paraquat, dimethoate thiab methomyl.Kev raug rau proppropgite feem ntau cuam tshuam nrog qhov tshwm sim ntawm PD, nrog rau 90% kev pheej hmoo.Nws tseem yog siv hauv California, feem ntau yog rau txiv ntoo, pob kws thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo.Toxic rif siv los ua tshuaj lom neeg niaj hnub, uas cuam tshuam txog 87% siab dua ntawm PD.Txawm hais tias nws raug txwv tsis pub siv nyob hauv xyoo 2001, nws tseem siv dav hauv cov qoob loo hauv California.Methomyl kuj nce kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev mob los ntawm 67%.Nyeem qhov "Kev Tshem Tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag, Lub Yim Hli 2009.
Cov dej ntws hauv vaj tse yog qhov chaw ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid mus rau cov kwj hauv nroog.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv "Environmental Pollution" hauv xyoo 2009 tau tshawb xyuas "dhau dej hauv thaj chaw nyob ze Sacramento, California… rau ib xyoos.Pyrethroids muaj nyob rau hauv txhua tus qauv.Bifenthrin yog nyob rau hauv dej Qhov siab tshaj plaws concentration yog 73 ng / L, thiab lub siab tshaj plaws concentration nyob rau hauv tshem tawm sediment yog 1211 ng / g.Pyrethroids yog cov khoom tshawb fawb tseem ceeb tshaj plaws, ua raws li cypermethrin thiab cyfluthrin.Bifenthrin tuaj yeem los ntawm kev noj Txawm hais tias lub caij nyoog qauv ntawm kev tso tawm los ntawm cov dej ntws zoo sib xws nrog cov kws tshaj lij siv los ua qhov tseem ceeb rau kev siv los ntawm cov neeg ua haujlwm lossis cov kws tshaj lij cov tshuaj tua kab.Hauv kev thauj cov pyrethroids mus rau hauv nroog cov kwj deg, cov dej los nag yog qhov tseem ceeb tshaj li lub caij qhuav dej ntws.Cov cua daj cua dub muaj zog tuaj yeem tso tawm txog 250 feem ntawm cov dej bifenthrin mus rau cov dej hauv nroog hauv 3 teev, thiab qhov no kuj muaj tseeb hauv 6 lub hlis ntawm cov dej ntws tawm. "
Cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm pyrethroids thiab organophosphate tshuaj tua kab nyob rau hauv ob lub ntug dej hiav txwv ntug dej hiav txwv (California, USA) tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Toxicology thiab Chemistry" nyob rau hauv 2012, uas kawm txog cov kev hloov nyob rau hauv lub concentration thiab toxicity ntawm organophosphates thiab pyrethroids.“Kaum qhov chaw raug kuaj hauv plaub qhov chaw kawm.Ib cheeb tsam tau cuam tshuam los ntawm lub nroog thiab qhov seem yog nyob hauv thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb.Cov flea dej flea (Ceriodaphnia dubia) tau siv los ntsuam xyuas cov dej toxicity, thiab amphibian Hyalella Azteca tau siv los ntsuas cov tshuaj lom hauv av.Chemistry Identification tsom xam pom tau hais tias feem ntau ntawm cov dej toxicity yog tshwm sim los ntawm organophosphate tshuaj tua kab, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog tshuaj lom rif, thaum sediment toxicity yog tshwm sim los ntawm ib tug sib tov ntawm pyrethroid tshuaj tua kab.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias ob qho tib si kev ua liaj ua teb thiab hauv nroog siv av Pab txhawb cov tshuaj lom neeg cov tshuaj tua kab rau cov dej nyob ib sab ”…
Almonds siv organophosphates thiab pyrethroids hauv San Joaquin Valley thiab lawv cov kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig.Qhov kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2012 no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Phau Ntawv Xov Xwm ntawm Cov Av thiab Cov Sediments tau siv cov ntaub ntawv qhia txog kev siv tshuaj tua kab hauv California los txiav txim qhov kev siv ntawm cov organic phosphorus (OP) thiab pyrethroids hauv almonds los ntawm 1992 txog 2005. Kev siv OP tshuaj tua kab hauv ib qho twg hauv almonds muaj. raug txo.Txawm li cas los xij, cov txiaj ntsig ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab pyrethroid tau pom tias muaj qhov sib txawv.Hauv txoj kev tshawb no, pyrethroids tsis muaj teeb meem rau ib puag ncig ntau dua li OP.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias "kev siv tshuaj tua kab hauv kev ua liaj ua teb hnyav thiab kev pheej hmoo ib puag ncig muaj kev cuam tshuam tsis zoo rau biodiversity."
Kev tshawb pom ntawm neonicotinoid insecticide imidacloprid nyob rau hauv cov dej saum npoo ntawm peb thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb hauv California, USA, 2010-2011, 2012 txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm nyob rau hauv 2012 Environmental Pollution and Toxicology Bulletin tau sau peb thaj chaw ua liaj ua teb hauv California 75 cov qauv dej hauv cheeb tsam, thiab "neonicotinoids" tshuaj tua kab imidacloprid tau soj ntsuam.Cov qauv raug sau thaum lub caij ua dej qhuav hauv California hauv xyoo 2010 thiab 2011. Imidacloprid tau kuaj pom hauv 67 tus qauv (89%).Cov concentration siab tshaj tus qauv 1.05μg / L (19%) ntawm cov kab mob hauv cov dej tsis huv nyob rau hauv 14 cov qauv ntawm US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).Concentrations kuj feem ntau ntau dua li cov txheej txheem toxicity zoo sib xws tau tsim rau Tebchaws Europe thiab Canada.Cov txiaj ntsig tau pom tias imidacloprid feem ntau tsiv mus rau lwm qhov chaw thiab ua rau cov dej tsis zoo, thiab nws cov concentration yuav ua rau muaj kab mob hauv dej tom qab siv rau hauv cov dej ua liaj ua teb hauv California.”
Qib ntawm cov fungicide chlorthalidone thiab corticosterone hauv amphibians, kev tiv thaiv thiab kev tuag tsis yog-linear.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv "Environmental Health View" hauv xyoo 2011 tau qhia tias cov tshuaj tua kab mob uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv Tebchaws Meskas, chlorothalonil Tsawg koob kuj tuaj yeem tua cov qav.Raws li cov kws tshawb fawb, tshuaj lom neeg ua paug yog suav tias yog qhov kev hem thawj thib ob loj tshaj plaws rau cov tsiaj hauv dej thiab amphibian hauv Tebchaws Meskas.Vim tias muaj ntau lub tshuab amphibian tseem ceeb zoo ib yam li tib neeg, cov kws tshawb fawb ntseeg tias amphibians yuav yog cov qauv siv tsis zoo rau kev kawm txog cov teebmeem ntawm cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv ib puag ncig, thiab tau teeb tsa los ntsuas cov lus teb ntawm amphibians rau chlorothalonil.Nyeem qhov "Kev Tshem Tawm Kab Tsuag Txhua Hnub" nkag, Plaub Hlis 2011.
Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm kev tswj hwm kev siv thev naus laus zis ntawm kev siv tshuaj tua kab thiab kev ua tau zoo Txoj kev tshawb no xyoo 2010 tau luam tawm hauv Pest Management Science tau tshawb xyuas cov ntsaum ntawm cov chaw nyob (tshwj xeeb yog bifenthrin lossis fipronil sprays)."Lub sijhawm xyoo 2007, qhov nruab nrab ntawm bifenthrin tshuaj tsuag hauv dej yog 14.9 microg L (-1) 1 lub lis piam tom qab kho, thiab 2.5 microg L (-1) ntawm 8 lub lis piam, siab txaus.Toxic rau cov kab mob rhiab heev hauv dej.Hauv qhov sib piv, tom qab 8 lub lis piam ntawm kev kho mob nrog bifenthrin granules, tsis pom muaj concentration hauv dej ntws.Qhov nruab nrab concentration ntawm fipronil siv raws li peripheral tshuaj tsuag tom qab kho 4.2 micrograms L (-1) rau 1 lub lis piam thiab 0.01 micrograms L (-1) ntawm 8 lub lis piam.Thawj tus nqi kuj qhia tau tias nws yuav nkag siab zoo rau cov kab mob.Hauv xyoo 2008, kev siv cov chaw tsis muaj tshuaj tsuag thiab cov ntawv thov peripheral ntawm koob ntws txo qis dej los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab. "
Kev thauj tshuaj tua kab hauv qhov dej ntws ntawm cov kab nyom nyom: kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab kev thauj mus los rau pej xeem.Txoj kev tshawb no tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv phau ntawv journal Environmental Toxicology thiab Chemistry hauv xyoo 2010. Qhov kev sim no tau tsim los " ntsuas cov turf li Cov tshuaj tua kab hauv cov dej ntws los ntawm golf course fairways" zoo dua nkag siab txog yam uas cuam tshuam rau kev muaj tshuaj lom neeg thiab kev thauj mus los loj.Thaum muas los ntawm kev ua lag luam, cov tshuaj tua kab mob, fluoroacetonitrile, methacrylic acid (MCPP), dimethylamine ntsev ntawm 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) los yog 1% mus rau 23% ntawm dicamba ua ntej simulated los nag (62 + /- 13 mm), cov tshuaj siv tshuaj tua kab tau siv rau ntawm qhov cim ntawm 23 +/- 9 teev.Lub sij hawm sib txawv ntawm qhov hollow tine core cog thiab cov dej ntws tsis zoo cuam tshuam rau cov dej ntws los yog feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov tshuaj siv hauv cov dej ntws.Tsuas yog cov phom phom lom, tag nrho cov tshuaj lom neeg tau pom nyob rau hauv cov qauv ua ntej thiab tag nrho cov dej ntws.Daim ntawv qhia tshuaj ntawm tsib cov tshuaj tua kab no ua raws li kev faib tawm kev sib txawv ntawm cov av organic carbon partition coefficient (K(OC)).Cov ntaub ntawv sau los ntawm txoj kev tshawb no muab cov ntaub ntawv hais txog kev thauj cov tshuaj lom neeg hauv turf runoff, uas tuaj yeem siv los ua qauv simulations los kwv yees qhov muaj peev xwm rau qhov tsis muaj kuab lom thiab kwv yees kev pheej hmoo ntawm ecological.”
Atrazine induces tiav feminization thiab tshuaj castration nyob rau hauv African txiv neej Qav (Xenopus laevis).Txoj kev tshawb no, luam tawm nyob rau hauv Proceedings ntawm National Academy of Sciences nyob rau hauv 2010, "ua pov thawj txog kev xeeb tub ntawm atrazine nyob rau hauv cov neeg laus amphibians.Cov txiv neej raug rau rdesine yog ob qho tib si demascated (tshuaj castration) Nws tau rov ua dua tshiab rau cov poj niam laus.10% ntawm cov noob caj noob ces raug tsim los ua cov poj niam ua haujlwm, uas ua phooj ywg nrog cov txiv neej tsis pom thiab tsim cov qe nrog qe.Cov txiv neej raug rau radixine raug kev txom nyem los ntawm kev txo qis testosterone, qhov loj ntawm cov qog ua me nyuam raug txo, txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lub caj pas yog demasculine / feminized, mating cwj pwm yog inhibited, spermatogenesis txo, thiab fertility yog txo.Txoj kev tshawb no "Atrazine ntxias cov poj niam ua tiav hauv African txiv neej qav (Xenopus laevis) luam tawm hauv "Chemistry thiab Tshuaj Castration".Nyeem cov xov xwm niaj hnub tshaj li tshuaj tua kab, Lub Peb Hlis 2010.
Kev pheej hmoo ntawm triclosan hauv cov nroj tsuag kho dej khib nyiab thiab nws cov tshuaj lom neeg muaj peev xwm ntawm cov dej biofilms.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm hauv Aquatic Toxicology hauv xyoo 2010 tau tshuaj xyuas cov teebmeem ntawm triclosan tawm los ntawm Mediterranean cov dej khib nyiab kho cov nroj tsuag ntawm algae thiab cov kab mob.."Ib txheej ntawm kev sim channel yog siv los ntsuas cov teebmeem luv luv ntawm triclosan ntawm biofilm algae thiab cov kab mob (ntawm 0.05 txog 500 μgL-1).Qhov concentration ntawm triclosan cuam tshuam rau ib puag ncig ua rau muaj kev nce hauv cov kab mob tuag, thiab qhov tsis muaj txiaj ntsig concentration (NEC) yog 0.21 μgL-1.Ntawm qhov kev sim siab tshaj plaws, cov kab mob tuag tau suav txog 85% ntawm tag nrho cov kab mob.Triclosan yog tshuaj lom rau cov kab mob ntau dua li algae.Raws li cov concentration ntawm triclosan nce (NEC = 0.42μgL-1), photosynthesis efficiency Nws yog inhibited, thiab tsis-photochemical quenching mechanism yog txo.Qhov nce hauv triclosan concentration kuj tseem cuam tshuam rau kev muaj peev xwm ntawm diatom hlwb.Algae toxicity tej zaum yuav tshwm sim los ntawm kev cuam tshuam tsis ncaj qha rau biofilm toxicity, tab sis nws tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov ntsiab lus ntawm algae-txog qhov kawg Qhov pom tseeb thiab maj mam txo qis hauv cov txiaj ntsig qhia qhov ncaj qha cuam tshuam ntawm fungicide.Cov tshuaj toxicity kuaj pom ntawm cov khoom tsis yog lub hom phiaj sib koom ua ke hauv biofilm, lub peev xwm ntawm triclosan kom muaj sia nyob los ntawm cov txheej txheem dej phwj tuaj thiab qhov tshwj xeeb qis dilution peev txheej ntawm Mediterranean yuav Qhov cuam tshuam ntawm triclosan toxicity txuas ntxiv tshaj cov kab mob hauv cov dej hauv dej. ”
Pyrethroid insecticides nyob rau hauv salmon kwj nyob rau hauv lub nroog nyob rau hauv lub Pacific Northwest tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Pollution" nyob rau hauv 2010, "Sediments nyob rau hauv Oregon thiab Washington State… los txiav txim seb tam sim no siv cov pyrethroid insecticides nyob rau hauv cov cheeb tsam cheeb tsam seb cov tshuaj tua kab puas mus txog cov dej nyob, thiab seb puas yog lawv cov concentrations yog cov tshuaj lom heev "rau rhiab invertebrates.Kwv yees li ib feem peb ntawm 35 cov qauv sediment muaj cov pyrethroids ntsuas.Muaj feem xyuam rau cov tshuaj lom ntawm cov kab mob hauv dej, bifenthrin yog cov pyrethroid txhawj xeeb tshaj plaws, zoo ib yam nrog cov kev tshawb fawb yav dhau los rau lwm qhov.”
Atrazine txo qhov kev loj hlob ntawm cov ntses rog (Pimephales promelas).Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm xyoo 2010 hauv dej toxicology nthuav tawm cov ntses rog rau atrazine thiab pom cov teebmeem ntawm qe tsim, cov nqaij mos thiab cov tshuaj hormones.Nyob rau hauv cov xwm txheej hauv qab EPA cov lus qhia dej zoo, cov ntses raug cuam tshuam los ntawm 0 txog 50 micrograms ib liter ntawm desine mus txog 30 hnub.Cov kws tshawb fawb tau pom tias atrazine cuam tshuam rau lub voj voog me me, thiab cov ntses yuav tsis nteg qe ntau tom qab raug rau atrazine.Piv nrog rau cov ntses uas tsis tau nthuav tawm, tag nrho cov qe qe ntawm cov ntses raug rau atrazine tau qis dua li ntawm 17 mus rau 20 hnub tom qab kis tau.Ntses raug rau atrazine nteg qe tsawg, thiab cov ntaub so ntswg ntawm cov txiv neej thiab poj niam yog txawv txav.Nyeem “Txhua Hnub Xov Xwm Tshaj Tawm Txog Tshuaj Tua Kab”, Lub Rau Hli 2010.
Cov nyhuv ntawm nanoparticles ntawm embryos ntawm cov ntses dub taub hau.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm hauv Ecotoxicology hauv xyoo 2010 nthuav tawm cov ntses dub taub hau rau ntau qhov sib txawv ntawm kev tshem tawm lossis nplawm nanoparticle daws rau 96 teev nyob rau ntau theem ntawm nws txoj kev loj hlob.Thaum cov nanosilver raug tso cai los daws, cov tshuaj toxicity ntawm cov tshuaj tau txo ob peb zaug, tab sis nws tseem ua rau deformity ntawm cov ntses me me.Tsis hais txog kev kho mob ultrasound, nano-silver tuaj yeem ua rau muaj qhov tsis sib xws, nrog rau lub taub hau hemorrhage thiab edema, thiab thaum kawg tuag.Cov kws tshawb fawb tau tshawb pom tias nanosilver uas tau raug sonicated los yog raug tshem tawm hauv kev daws teeb meem yog tshuaj lom thiab ua rau tuag taus rau minnows.Cov ntses rog yog ib hom kab mob uas feem ntau siv los ntsuas toxicity rau cov dej hauv dej.Nyeem cov xov xwm niaj hnub tshaj li tshuaj tua kab, Lub Peb Hlis 2010.
Ib qho kev ntsuam xyuas zoo tshaj plaws qhia txog qhov cuam tshuam zoo ib yam ntawm radix ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab thiab amphibians.Txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2009 tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Environmental Health Perspective" tau tshuaj xyuas ntau dua 100 cov kev tshawb fawb tshawb fawb los ntawm 100 radix.Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias Tianjin muaj qhov cuam tshuam ncaj qha rau cov ntses thiab amphibians, tshwj xeeb tshaj yog kev puas tsuaj ntawm kev tiv thaiv kab mob., Cov tshuaj hormones thiab kev ua me nyuam."Atrazine txo qhov loj ntawm metamorphosis lossis ze metamorphosis hauv 15 ntawm 17 kev tshawb fawb thiab 14 ntawm 14 hom.Atrazine txhim kho amphibians thiab ntses hauv 12 ntawm 13 kev tshawb fawb.Hauv 6 ntawm 7 txoj kev tshawb fawb, kev coj tus cwj pwm tiv thaiv tau raug txo qis hauv 6 ntawm 7 txoj kev tshawb fawb, thiab kev muaj peev xwm ntawm cov ntses rau amphibians raug txo.Qhov txo qis ntawm 13 lub cev tiv thaiv kab mob qhov kawg thiab 16 qhov kawg kis kab mob tau cuam tshuam nrog kev txo qis hauv 7 ntawm 10 kev tshawb fawb, deflux hloov tsawg kawg ib feem ntawm gonadal morphology thiab txuas ntxiv cuam tshuam rau kev ua haujlwm gonadal.Hauv 2 ntawm 2 txoj kev tshawb fawb, spermatogenesis tau hloov pauv hauv 7 txoj kev tshawb fawb.Qhov concentration ntawm cov tshuaj hormones poj niam hloov pauv hauv 6 ntawm cov kev tshawb fawb.Atrazine tsis cuam tshuam rau vitellogenin hauv 5 kev tshawb fawb, thiab aromatase tau ntxiv rau 1 ntawm 6 kev tshawb fawb. "Nyeem “Agrochemical Daily News”, Kaum Hli Ntuj 2009.
Organohalogen pollutants thiab metabolites nyob rau hauv lub hlwb ntawm dolphins nyob rau sab hnub poob North Atlantic.Ib daim ntawv tshaj tawm kev tshawb fawb luam tawm hauv "Environmental Pollution" hauv xyoo 2009 tau txheeb xyuas ntau cov pa phem, suav nrog cov tshuaj tua kab organochlorine (OCs), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCB), Hydroxylated PCBs (OH-PCBs), methylsulfonyl PCBs (MeSO2-PCBs, polybrominated diphenyls) flame ( Cov retardants thiab OH-PBDEs muaj nyob rau hauv cov kua cerebrospinal thiab cerebellar grey teeb meem ntawm ob peb marine mammals, nrog rau cov luv-beaked common dolphin, Atlantic white-faced dolphins thiab grey seals Qhov concentration ntawm PCBs yog qhov xav tsis thoob concentration ntawm PCBs nyob rau hauv grey kaw cerebrospinal kua yog ib feem ntawm lab.
Los ntawm 1995 mus rau 2004, bisexuality tau nthuav dav hauv Asmeskas dej ntses bass thaj tsam (Micropterus spp.).Txoj kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2009, luam tawm hauv Aquatic Toxicology, tau soj ntsuam kev sib deev ntawm cov ntses dej tshiab hauv cuaj dej hauv Tebchaws Meskas."Testicular oocytes (feem ntau yog txiv neej testes uas muaj cov poj niam cov kab mob) yog hom kev sib deev feem ntau pom, txawm hais tias muaj pes tsawg tus txiv neej (n = 1477) thiab poj niam (n = 1633) ntses tau kuaj.Bisexuality tau pom nyob rau hauv 3% ntawm cov ntses.Ntawm 16 hom tshuaj ntsuam xyuas, 4 hom (25%) thiab 34 ntses (31%) hauv 111 qhov chaw tau pom muaj kev sib deev.Bisexuality tsis pom nyob rau hauv ntau hom nyob rau hauv tib qhov chaw, tab sis feem ntau yog nyob rau hauv bigmouth bass (Micropterus salmoides; txiv neej 18%) thiab Smallmouth bass (M. dolomieu; txiv neej 33%).Qhov feem pua ​​​​ntawm cov ntses bisexual nyob rau hauv txhua feem ntawm cov ntses bass thaj tsam loj yog 8-91%, thiab cov ntses bass thaj tsam yog 14-73%.Nyob rau sab hnub tuaj ntawm Tebchaws Meskas, qhov tshwm sim ntawm kev sib deev yog siab tshaj, hauv Apalachicola, Sa Bisexual bigmouth bass muaj nyob rau hauv txhua qhov chaw hauv Fanner thiab Xiaojian River phiab.Txawm hais tias kev sib deev, tag nrho cov mercury, trans-HCB, p, p'-DDE, p, p'-DDD thiab PCBs raug soj ntsuam Nws yog cov tshuaj lom neeg feem ntau pom nyob hauv txhua qhov chaw. "
Cov pa phem ntau: Cov tshuaj tua kab uas muaj cov tshuaj tua kab uas tsis tshua muaj kev sib xyaw ua rau muaj kev cuam tshuam rau cov zej zog hauv dej.Cov ntaub ntawv tshawb fawb no tau luam tawm hauv Oecologia xyoo 2009 "kev kawm yuav ua li cas siv tsib tshuaj tua kab (malathion, carbaryl, tshuaj lom rif, Diazinon thiab endosulfan) thiab tsib tshuaj tua kab mob (glyphosate, atrazine, acetochlor), qis concentration (2-16 ppb) ntawm alachlor, alachlor thiab 2,4-D) Nws yuav cuam tshuam rau cov dej hauv zej zog uas muaj xws li zooplankton, phytoplankton, epiphytes thiab larval amphibians (grey ntoo qav, ntoo qav, variegated leopard thiab tsov txaij qav, Rana pipiens).Kuv siv cov xov xwm sab nraum zoov thiab tshuaj xyuas txhua yam tshuaj tua kab sib cais, Ib qho sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, sib xyaw ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab sib tov ntawm tag nrho cov tshuaj tua kab.
Cov tshuaj lom ntawm ob hom tshuaj tua kab rau cov kab mob uas tsis yog-nuclear hauv California, Tebchaws Asmeskas, thiab nws txoj kev sib raug zoo nrog kev poob ntawm cov amphibians.Ib txoj kev tshawb fawb luam tawm xyoo 2009 hauv "Environmental Toxicology thiab Chemistry" tau tshawb xyuas ob qho tshuaj tua kab uas siv ntau tshaj plaws hauv Central California.Cov kab mob-cov kab mob toxicity ntawm rif thiab endosulfan.Cov larvae Pacific ntoo qav (Pseudacris regilla) thiab ko taw daj-ko taw Qav (Rana boylii), amphibians, tau poob cov pejxeem thiab nyob thiab yug me nyuam hauv cov nyom ib ncig ntawm Sierra Nevada.Cov kws tshawb fawb tau nthuav tawm cov larvae rau cov tshuaj tua kab los ntawm Gosner theem 25 txog 26 los ntawm metamorphosis.Qhov kwv yees nruab nrab ntawm cov neeg tuag taus concentration (LC50) ntawm cov phom toxic yog 365 "g / L hauv regilla, thiab 66.5" g / L rau R. boylii.Cov kws tshawb fawb pom tias endosulfan muaj tshuaj lom ntau dua rau ob qho tshuaj lom ntau dua li tshuaj lom rif, thiab thaum raug cov tshuaj endosulfan siab, kev loj hlob ntawm ob hom yog txawv txav.Endosulfan kuj cuam tshuam rau kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob ceev ntawm ob hom.Nyeem “Agrochemical Daily News”, Lub Xya Hli 2009.
Kev hloov pauv niam txiv ntawm xenobiotics thiab nws cov txiaj ntsig ntawm larval striped ntses bass thaj tsam ntawm San Francisco estuary.Qhov kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2008 no tau luam tawm hauv PNAS pom tias "8 xyoo ntawm kev tshawb fawb thiab kev tshawb fawb hauv chaw soj nstuam qhia tias cov ntses bass thaj tsam tsis zoo tshwm sim hauv lub neej thaum ntxov ntawm San Francisco estuary.Cov pa phem phem tau nthuav tawm lub estuary, thiab cov pej xeem tau poob qis txij li thaum pib lub caij nplooj zeeg xyoo 1970s.Biologic PCBs, polybrominated diphenyl ethers thiab tam sim no siv / legged tshuaj tua kab tau pom nyob rau hauv tag nrho cov qauv qe los ntawm cov ntses sau los ntawm tus dej.Cov thev naus laus zis uas siv lub hauv paus ntsiab lus ntawm kev tsis sib haum xeeb tuaj yeem tshawb pom kev txhim kho kev hloov pauv uas yav tas los pom tsis tau nrog cov qauv txheej txheem.Kev siv cov yolk tsis zoo, lub hlwb tsis zoo thiab lub siab loj hlob, thiab kev loj hlob tag nrho tau pom nyob rau hauv cov larvae ntawm cov ntses sau los ntawm cov dej ntws. "
Cov lus teb ntawm cov zej zog thiab ecosystems rau cov tshuaj tua kab cuam tshuam rau hauv cov dej tshiab ecosystems.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm nyob rau hauv Ecotoxicology nyob rau hauv 2008 tau siv sab nraum zoov dej xov xwm los txiav txim qhov tshwm sim ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab Sevin thiab active ingredient carbaryl ntawm cov dej tshiab plankton qhov cuam tshuam ntawm cov zaub mov web."Peb tau saib xyuas cov lus teb ntawm cov kab mob, phytoplankton thiab cov zej zog zooplankton ntxiv rau cov pa oxygen.Tsis ntev tom qab daim ntawv thov ntawm Sevin, cov carbaryl concentration mus txog nws lub ncov thiab sai sai degraded, thiab tsis muaj qhov sib txawv ntawm kev kho mob tom qab 30 hnub.Hauv kev kho cov mem tes, planktonic Kev nplua nuj, ntau haiv neeg, kev nplua nuj, thiab cov pa oxygen concentration ntawm cov tsiaj tau txo qis, thaum cov phytoplankton thiab cov kab mob ntau ntxiv.Piv nrog rau qhov zoo ntawm copods nyob rau hauv lwm yam kev kho mob peb, lub zooplankton nyob rau hauv high-zoo tshuaj tua kab mob mas nws yog tsim los ntawm rotifers.Txawm hais tias ntau tus cwj pwm hauv zej zog thiab ecosystem qhia pom tias yuav rov zoo li cas hauv 40 hnub tom qab raug rhuav tshem los ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab, tseem muaj qhov sib txawv tseem ceeb thiab tseem ceeb ntawm cov kab mob microbes, phytoplankton thiab zooplankton cov zej zog tom qab cov tshuaj tua kab degradation. "
Cov xwm txheej tsis tau pom dua: qhov ua rau tuag taus ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab ntawm cov qav ntawm sublethal concentrations.Txoj kev tshawb no luam tawm nyob rau hauv "Ecology Applications" nyob rau hauv 2008 "studies yuav ua li cas siv tsawg concentrations nyob rau hauv ntau yam, lub sij hawm thiab koob tshuaj (10- 250 micrograms / liter) ntawm lub ntiaj teb no cov tshuaj tua kab (malathion).Qhov zaus cuam tshuam rau cov zej zog hauv dej uas muaj zooplankton, phytoplankton, cov nroj tsuag hauv dej thiab cov larval amphibians (bred ntawm ob qhov ntom ntom) rau 79 hnub.Txhua daim ntawv thov txoj kev ua rau txo qis ntawm zooplankton, uas ua rau lub trophic cascade uas phytoplankton proliferates loj.Hauv qee qhov kev kho mob, sib tw epiphytes tom qab poob.Txo cov nroj tsuag dej cuam tshuam rau cov qav (qav) Lub sij hawm metamorphosis ntawm Rana pipiens muaj cov nyhuv me me.Txawm li cas los xij, leopard qav (Rana pipiens) metamorphoses ntev dua, thiab lawv txoj kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob tau txo qis heev.Raws li ib puag ncig dries, nws ua rau tuag tom qab.Yog li ntawd, malathion (Rapid decomposition) tsis ncaj qha tua cov amphibians, tab sis ua rau ib tug trophic cascade cov tshuaj tiv thaiv, uas indirectly coj mus rau kev tuag ntawm ib tug loj tus naj npawb ntawm amphibians.Nws yog ib qho tseem ceeb uas yuav tsum tau rov ua daim ntawv thov ntawm qhov qis tshaj plaws (7 zaug hauv ib lub lis piam, 10 µg / L txhua lub sijhawm) "Squeeze treatment") muaj 25-fold cuam tshuam ntau dua rau ntau cov lus teb sib txawv dua li ib daim ntawv thov "mulse".Cov txiaj ntsig no tsis yog qhov tseem ceeb xwb, vim tias malathion yog cov tshuaj tua kab ntau tshaj plaws, tab sis kuj pom muaj nyob hauv cov av ntub dej.Thiab vim hais tias lub hauv paus mechanism ntawm lub trophic cascade yog ib qho ntawm ntau yam tshuaj tua kab, nws muaj peev xwm ua tau rau tib neeg los kwv yees ntau yam tshuaj tua kab.Cov tshuaj tua kab cuam tshuam rau cov zej zog hauv dej thiab cov larval amphibian pejxeem.
Txheeb xyuas cov kev ntxhov siab loj uas cuam tshuam rau macroinvertebrates hauv Salinas River (California, USA): cov txheeb ze cuam tshuam ntawm cov tshuaj tua kab thiab cov khoom tshem tawm.Qhov kev tshawb fawb xyoo 2006 no tau luam tawm hauv Environmental Pollution ntawm amphibians, beetles thiab et al.Cov kev tshawb fawb tau ua los txiav txim siab seb cov kev ntxhov siab twg feem ntau yuav ua rau muaj tshuaj lom thiab nyob hauv California River."Kev tshawb fawb tam sim no qhia tau hais tias piv nrog cov pob zeb tshem tawm hauv Salinas River, cov tshuaj tua kab yog qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev ntxhov siab rau macroinvertebrates."
Tom qab raug cov tshuaj tua kab mob atrazine tsawg tsawg, cov hermaphrodite, demasculine qav tau luam tawm nyob rau hauv Proceedings ntawm National Academy of Sciences nyob rau hauv 2002. Txoj kev tshawb no tau tshuaj xyuas cov teebmeem ntawm atrazine ntawm African clawed Qav (Xenopus laevis).) Kev cuam tshuam ntawm kev sib deev kev loj hlob.Cov larvae yog immersed nyob rau hauv atrazine (0.01-200 ppb) thoob plaws hauv txoj kev loj hlob ntawm larva.Peb tau kuaj xyuas gonadal histology thiab larynx loj thaum lub sij hawm metamorphosis.Atrazine (> lossis = 0.1 ppb) ua rau hermaphrodite Thiab tawv caj pas ntawm cov txiv neej liab qab (> lossis = 1.0 ppb).Tsis tas li ntawd, peb tau tshawb xyuas cov qib plasma testosterone ntawm cov txiv neej laus laus.Thaum raug 25 ppb atrazine, testosterone theem ntawm txiv neej X. laevis poob 10 zaug.Peb xav tias atrazine yuav induce aromatase thiab txhawb kev hloov ntawm testosterone rau estrogen.Qhov kev puas tsuaj ntawm cov tshuaj steroid no tuaj yeem piav qhia txog kev demasculinization ntawm tus txiv neej larynx thiab kev tsim cov hermaphroditism.Siv tau raws li qhia nyob rau hauv txoj kev tshawb fawb tam sim no Qib yog qhov tseeb raug, qhia tias lwm cov amphibians raug atrazine nyob rau hauv cov tsiaj qus yuav ua rau muaj kev pheej hmoo ntawm kev sib deev tsis zoo.Qhov ntau ntawm cov tebchaw no thiab lwm yam kev cuam tshuam ntawm ib puag ncig endocrine tuaj yeem yog qhov cuam tshuam rau kev poob ntawm cov amphibians thoob ntiaj teb.”
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