Loaʻa iā lākou nā insecticides i kapa ʻia he pyrethrins i hoʻohana ʻia ma Peresia kahiko.I kēia lā, hoʻohana mākou iā lākou i nā shampoos lice.
Welina mai i ka moʻo detox o JSTOR Daily, kahi e noʻonoʻo ai mākou pehea e kaupalena ʻia ai ka ʻike ʻana i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia he palekana ʻole e nā ʻepekema.I kēia manawa, ua uhi mākou i nā mea pale ahi i ka waiū, nā plastics i ka wai, nā plastics a me nā kemika i ka detoxification digital.I kēia lā, ʻike mākou i ke kumu o ka shampoo lice i Peresia kahiko.
I nā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hakakā nā kula ma ka ʻāina i ka hoʻouka ʻana o nā makika poʻo.I ka makahiki 2017, ma Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, ʻoi aku ka nui o nā keiki 100 i loaʻa i nā makika, kahi i kapa ʻia e ke kula "ʻaʻole i ʻike ʻia."A i ka makahiki 2019, ua hōʻike kahi kula ma ka ʻāpana Sheepshead Bay o Brooklyn School i kahi maʻi maʻi.ʻOiai ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei nā Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ʻaʻole ʻino ka makika i ke olakino, hiki iā lākou ke pilikia nui.No ka hoʻopau ʻana i ka lice a me nā larvae (ʻo kā lākou mau hua liʻiliʻi), pono ʻoe e holoi i kou lauoho me kahi shampoo insecticide.
ʻO nā mea hoʻomakeʻe i loko o nā shampoos ma luna o ke kūʻai aku he pūhui i kapa ʻia he pyrethrum a i ʻole pyrethrin.Loaʻa ka pūhui i nā pua e like me ka tansy, pyrethrum a me ka chrysanthemum (i kapa pinepine ʻia ʻo chrysanthemum a i ʻole chrysanthemum).Aia i loko o kēia mau mea kanu he ʻeono mau esters ʻokoʻa a i ʻole pyrethrins-organic pūhui i ʻona i nā inike.
Ua ʻike ʻia he hopena insecticidal kēia mau pua i nā haneli mau makahiki i hala.I ka makahiki mua o ka makahiki 1800, ua hoʻohana ʻia ka Persian pyrethrum chrysanthemum e hoʻopau i nā makika.Ua ulu mua kēia mau pua ma ke kālepa ma ʻAmenia i ka makahiki 1828, a ua ulu ʻia ma Dalmatia (i kēia lā ʻo Croatia) ma kahi o ʻumi makahiki ma hope.Ua hua ʻia nā pua a hiki i ke Kaua Honua Mua.Hana maikaʻi kēia mea kanu i nā piʻi wela.I ka makahiki 1980, ua manaʻo ʻia ka hana ʻana o ka pyrethrum ma kahi o 15,000 tons o nā pua maloʻo i kēlā me kēia makahiki, a ʻoi aku ka hapa ma mua o Kenya, a ʻo ke koena mai Tanzania, Rwanda a me Ecuador.Ma kahi o 200,000 poʻe ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa e komo i kāna hana.Kohi lima ʻia nā pua, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia i ka lā a i ʻole mechanically, a laila ʻeli ʻia i pauka.Loaʻa i kēlā me kēia pua ma kahi o 3 a 4 mg o ka pyrethrin -1 a 2% ma ke kaumaha, a hoʻohua mai ma kahi o 150 a 200 tons pesticides i kēlā me kēia makahiki.Ua hoʻomaka ʻo ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa e lawe mai i ka pauda i ka makahiki 1860, akā ʻaʻole i kūleʻa nā hana hana ʻoihana kūloko.
I nā lā mua, hoʻohana ʻia ka pyrethrum ma ke ʻano he pauka.Eia nō naʻe, e hoʻomaka ana mai ka hoʻomaka ʻana o ke kenekulia 19, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hui ʻana me ka ʻaila, hexane a i ʻole nā ​​mea hoʻoheheʻe like ʻole e hana ai i ka ʻūhā wai ma mua o ka pauka.Ma hope mai, ua hoʻomohala ʻia nā ʻano analog synthetic.Kapa ʻia kēia mau mea he pyrethroids (pyrethroids), ʻo ia nā kinikona i like ke ʻano me nā pyrethroids akā ʻoi aku ka ʻona i nā inike.I ka makahiki 1980, ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻehā mau pyrethroids e pale i nā mea kanu-permethrin, cypermethrin, decamethrin a me fenvalerate.ʻOi aku ka ikaika a ʻoi aku ka lōʻihi o kēia mau pūhui hou, no laila hiki iā lākou ke hoʻomau i ke kaiapuni, nā mea kanu, a me nā hua manu a i ʻole ka waiū.ʻOi aku ma mua o 1,000 synthetic pyrethroids i kūkulu ʻia, akā aia i kēia manawa he ʻumikūmālua mau pyrethroids synthetic i hoʻohana ʻia ma ʻAmelika Hui Pū ʻIa.Hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pyrethroids a me nā pyrethroids i hui pū ʻia me nā kemika ʻē aʻe e pale i ko lākou decomposition a hoʻonui i ka lethality.
A hiki i kēia manawa, ua manaʻo ʻia nā pyrethroids i palekana no ke kanaka.ʻO ka mea nui, ua ʻōlelo ʻia e hoʻohana i nā pūhui pyrethroid ʻekolu deltamethrin, alpha-cypermethrin a me permethrin e kāohi i nā iniseti ma ka home.
Akā ua ʻike nā haʻawina hou ʻaʻole pilikia nā pyrethroids.ʻOiai he 2250 manawa ʻoi aʻe ka ʻona i nā inike ma mua o nā vertebrates, loaʻa paha iā lākou nā hopena ʻino i ke kanaka.I ka nānā ʻana o nā kānaka ʻepekema ma ke Kulanui o Iowa i ka ʻikepili olakino o 2,000 mau mākua e hoʻomaopopo i ke ʻano o ka wāwahi ʻana o ke kino i nā pyrethroids, ua ʻike lākou ua hoʻonui ʻia kēia mau kemika i ka maʻi o ka maʻi cardiovascular.Ua ʻike pū ʻia ka noiʻi mua ʻana i ka loaʻa ʻana o nā pyrethroids (e laʻa i ka poʻe nāna e hoʻopili iā lākou) hiki ke hoʻopilikia i ke olakino e like me ka noʻonoʻo a me ka luhi.
Ma waho aʻe o ka poʻe e hana pololei ana me nā pyrethroids, pili pū nā kānaka me lākou ma o ka ʻai ʻana, ma ka ʻai ʻana i nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu i hoʻopuʻi ʻia, a i ʻole inā ua puhi ʻia ko lākou mau hale, nā lau a me nā māla.Eia nō naʻe, ʻo nā pesticides pyrethroid o kēia lā ka lua o nā pesticides maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia ma ka honua.ʻO ia ke ʻano o ka hopohopo e pili ana i ka holoi ʻana i ko lākou lauoho me ka shampoo me ka pyrethrum?ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻopōʻino i ke kanaka ka holoi liʻiliʻi, akā pono e nānā i nā mea i loko o nā ʻōmole pesticide i hoʻohana ʻia no ka pīpī ʻana i nā hale, nā kīhāpai a me nā wahi namu.
He waihona puke kikohoʻe ʻo JSTOR no nā haumāna, nā mea noiʻi a me nā haumāna.Hiki i nā mea heluhelu ʻo JSTOR i kēlā me kēia lā ke komo i ka noiʻi kumu ma hope o kā mākou ʻatikala no ka manuahi ma JSTOR.
Hoʻohana ʻo JSTOR i kēlā me kēia lā i nā haʻawina ma JSTOR (kahi waihona kikohoʻe o nā puke moʻolelo hoʻonaʻauao, nā puke a me nā mea ʻē aʻe) e hāʻawi i ka ʻike hope no nā hanana o kēia manawa.Hoʻopuka mākou i nā ʻatikala e pili ana i ka noiʻi loiloi a nā hoa a hāʻawi i kēia noiʻi me ka uku ʻole i ka poʻe heluhelu āpau.
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