Ma ka mākeke herbicide o nā māla laiki ma Kina, quinclorac, bispyribac-sodium, cyhalofop-butyl, penoxsulam, metamifop, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe i alakaʻi i ke ala.Eia nō naʻe, ma muli o ka lōʻihi a me ka hoʻohana nui ʻana o kēia mau huahana, ua piʻi nui ka pilikia o ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nalowale o ka mana o ka wā i hoʻonui ʻia nā huahana hae.Kāhea ka mākeke i nā mea hou.

I kēia makahiki, ma lalo o ka mana o nā mea ʻino e like me ke kiʻekiʻe o ka mahana a me ka maloʻo, ka hōʻailona maikaʻi ʻole, ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi, ka morphology mauʻu paʻakikī, a me ka mauʻu kahiko loa, kū ʻo triadimefon, kū i ka hoʻāʻo koʻikoʻi o ka mākeke, a loaʻa kahi piʻi nui o ka mākeke. kaʻana like.

I ka mākeke pesticide huaʻai honua i ka makahiki 2020, e helu ʻia nā pesticides laiki ma kahi o 10%, e lilo ia i ka lima o ka mākeke pesticide nui loa ma hope o nā huaʻai a me nā mea kanu, soybeans, cereals a me ka palaoa.Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ka nui o ke kūʻai ʻana i nā lāʻau lapaʻau ma nā māla raiki he 2.479 biliona kālā ʻAmelika, ʻo ia ka mea mua ma waena o nā ʻano nui ʻekolu o nā pesticides i ka laiki.

Wahi a ka wānana a Phillips McDougall, e hiki ke kūʻai aku i nā lāʻau pesticides honua i 6.799 biliona kālā ʻAmelika i ka makahiki 2024, me ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 2.2% mai 2019 a 2024. Ma waena o lākou, ʻo ke kūʻai aku ʻana o nā herbicides i nā māla raiki e hiki i 2,604. biliona kālā ʻAmelika, me ka nui o ka ulu ʻana o ka makahiki he 1.9% mai 2019 a 2024.

Ma muli o ka lōʻihi, nui a me ka hoʻohana hoʻokahi o nā lāʻau lapaʻau, ua lilo ka pilikia o ke kūʻē i ka herbicide i mea paʻakikī koʻikoʻi i mua o ka honua.I kēia manawa, ua hoʻomohala nā weeds i ke kūʻē koʻikoʻi i nā ʻano huahana ʻehā (nā mea hoʻopaneʻe EPSPS, nā mea paʻa ALS, nā mea paʻa ACCase, nā mea paʻa PS Ⅱ), ʻoi aku ka nui o nā lāʻau herbicides inhibitor ALS (Group B).Eia naʻe, ua ulu mālie ke kūʻē ʻana o ka HPPD inhibitor herbicides (F2 group), a ua haʻahaʻa ke kūʻē ʻana, no laila pono ke nānā aku i ka hoʻomohala ʻana a me ka hoʻolaha ʻana.

I nā makahiki he 30 i hala iho nei, ua hoʻonui nui ʻia ka heluna o nā mauhelehele kūpaʻa ma nā mahina ʻai raiki ma ka honua holoʻokoʻa.I kēia manawa, ma kahi o 80 mau lāʻau lāʻau lāʻau biotypes i hoʻomohala i ka lāʻau kūʻē.

ʻO ka "Drug resistance" he pahi kaua pālua, ʻaʻole ia e hoʻopilikia wale i ka mana maikaʻi o nā pests honua, akā hoʻolaha pū kekahi i ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā huahana pesticide.ʻO nā mea pale a me nā mea hoʻomalu maikaʻi loa i kūkulu ʻia no ka pilikia koʻikoʻi o ka pale ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau e loaʻa i nā hoʻihoʻi ʻoihana nui.

Ma ke ao holoʻokoʻa, ʻo nā herbicides hou i hoʻomohala ʻia i nā māla raiki, ʻo ia ka tetflupyrrolimet, dichloroisoxadiazon, cyclopyrinil, lancotrione sodium (HPPD inhibitor), Halauxifen, Triadimefon (HPPD inhibitor), metcamifen (safety agent), dimesulfazet, fenquinolone (HPPD inhibitorrate, etc. .Hoʻonohonoho ʻia ʻo Tetflupyrolimet ma ke ʻano he hana hou e HRAC (Group28).

ʻO Triadimefon ka hā o ka HPPD inhibitor pūhui i hoʻokuʻu ʻia e Qingyuan Nongguan, ka mea i haki i ka palena o kēia ʻano herbicide hiki ke hoʻohana wale ʻia no ka mālama ʻana i ka lepo ma nā māla raiki.ʻO ia ka mua o ka HPPD inhibitor herbicide i hoʻohana pono ʻia no ka lāʻau ma hope o ke kanu ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i nā lau ma nā māla raiki e hoʻopaʻa i nā mauʻu gramineous ma ka honua.

Ua ʻoi aku ka ʻoi aku o ka hana ʻoi aku o Triadimefon e kūʻē i ka mauʻu barnyard a me ka mauʻu barnyard raiki;ʻOi loa, loaʻa iā ia ka hopena hoʻomalu maikaʻi ma luna o ka mauʻu barnyard a me ka millet kūpaʻa;He palekana no ka laiki a kūpono no ke kanu ʻana a me ka hoʻohua pololei ʻana i nā māla raiki.

ʻAʻohe kūʻē kūʻē ma waena o ka triadimefon a me nā lāʻau herbicide i hoʻohana mau ʻia i nā māla raiki, e like me cyhalofop-butyl, penoxsulam a me quinclorac;Hiki iā ia ke hoʻomalu maikaʻi i ka mauʻu barnyardgrass i kū i ka ALS inhibitors a me ACCase inhibitors ma nā māla laiki, a me nā hua euphorbia e kū'ē i ka ACCase inhibitors.