Ua hōʻike ʻia kahi haʻawina e hoʻohana ʻia ana nā insecticides ʻona nui i hoʻohana ʻia i nā pōpoki a me nā ʻīlio e pepehi i nā ʻautuʻa e ʻona i nā muliwai o ʻEnelani.Wahi a ka poʻe ʻepekema ʻo ka ʻike ʻana he "pili loa" i nā inike wai a me nā iʻa a me nā manu e hilinaʻi nei iā lākou, a manaʻo lākou e hoʻopilikia nui i ke kaiapuni.
Ua ʻike ʻia ka haʻawina ma 99% o nā laʻana mai nā muliwai 20, ua kiʻekiʻe ka ʻike o ka fipronil, a ʻo ka awelika maʻiʻo o kahi huahana decomposition pesticide ʻona he 38 mau manawa o ka palena palekana.ʻO ka fenoxtone i loaʻa ma ka muliwai a me kekahi mea aʻalolo i kapa ʻia ʻo imidacloprid ua pāpā ʻia ma nā mahiʻai no nā makahiki he nui.
Aia ma kahi o 10 miliona mau ʻīlio a me 11 miliona mau pōpoki ma UK, a ua manaʻo ʻia he 80% o nā kānaka e loaʻa i ka lāʻau lapaʻau (inā pono a ʻaʻole paha).Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe noiʻi ʻaʻole ʻōlelo ʻia ka hoʻohana makapō i ka lāʻau lapaʻau, a pono nā hoʻoponopono hou.I kēia manawa, ʻae ʻia ka mālama ʻana i nā ʻōpala me ka ʻole o ka loiloi pōʻino o ke kaiapuni.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Rosemary Perkins o ke Kulanui o Sussex, ka mea nāna i mālama i ka noiʻi: "ʻO Fipronil kekahi o nā mea hoʻohana maʻamau.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina hou e hiki ke hoʻohaʻahaʻa ʻia i nā inike ma mua o ka fipronil ponoʻī.ʻOi aku nā mea ʻawaʻawa."Ke hopohopo nui nei kā mākou hopena."
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Dave Goulson, he lālā o ka hui noiʻi ma ke Kulanui o Sussex: "ʻAʻole hiki iaʻu ke manaʻoʻiʻo he mea maʻamau nā pesticides.Hoʻohaumia pinepine ʻia ko mākou mau muliwai e kēia mau kemika ʻelua no ka manawa lōʻihi..
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia: "ʻO ka pilikia ʻo ia ka maikaʻi o kēia mau kemika," ʻoiai ma nā ʻano liʻiliʻi."Manaʻo mākou e loaʻa iā lākou ka hopena koʻikoʻi i ke ola o nā pepeke ma ka muliwai."Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, ʻo ka pesticide e hoʻohana ana i ka imidacloprid e mālama i ka peʻa i nā ʻīlio liʻiliʻi e lawa ai ka pepehi ʻana i 60 miliona nalo.
ʻO ka hōʻike mua o nā neonicotinoids kiʻekiʻe (e like me imidacloprid) i loko o nā muliwai i hana ʻia e ka hui mālama mālama ʻo Buglife ma 2017, ʻoiai ʻaʻole i hoʻokomo ʻia ka fipronil.Hiki ke hoʻopili ʻia nā pepeke wai i nā neonicotinoids.Ua hōʻike ʻia nā haʻawina ma Netherlands ʻo ka hoʻohaumia ʻana o ke ala wai i ka wā lōʻihi i alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka nui o nā iniseti a me nā manu.Ma muli o nā haumia ʻē aʻe mai nā mahiʻai a me nā ʻōpala, ke emi nei nā ʻenekini wai, a ʻo 14% wale nō o nā muliwai Pelekane i loaʻa i ke olakino kaiaola maikaʻi.
ʻO ka noiʻi hou, i paʻi ʻia ma ka puke pai Comprehensive Environmental Science, aia ma kahi o 4,000 mau loiloi o nā laʻana i hōʻiliʻili ʻia e ka Environment Agency ma 20 mau muliwai Pelekane ma waena o 2016-18.ʻO kēia mau mea mai ka River Test ma Hampshire a i ka muliwai ʻEdena ma Cumbria.
Ua ʻike ʻia ʻo Fipronil ma 99% o nā laʻana, a ua loaʻa ka huahana decomposition ʻona loa ʻo Fipronil sulfone ma 97% o nā laʻana.He 5 manawa a he 38 mau manawa ke kiʻekiʻe ma mua o ka palena o ka toxicity maʻamau.ʻAʻohe mea paʻa i kēia mau mea kemika ma UK, no laila ua hoʻohana nā ʻepekema i ka hōʻike loiloi 2017 i hana ʻia no ka California Water Quality Control Board.Loaʻa ʻia ʻo Imidacloprid ma 66% o nā laʻana, a ua ʻoi aku ka palena o ka toxicity ma 7 o 20 mau muliwai.
Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Fipronil mai ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā mahiʻai ma 2017, akā ʻaʻole i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia ma mua o ia manawa.Ua pāpā ʻia ʻo Imidacloprid ma 2018 a ua hoʻohana pinepine ʻia i nā makahiki i hala.Ua ʻike ka poʻe noiʻi i ka pae kiʻekiʻe o nā pesticides ma lalo o nā mea kanu mālama wai, e hōʻike ana ʻo nā kūlanakauhale ke kumu nui, ʻaʻole ka ʻāina mahiʻai.
E like me kā kākou ʻike a pau, hiki i ka holoi ʻana i nā holoholona ke hoʻolei i ka fipronil i loko o ka ʻōpala a laila i loko o ka muliwai, a ʻo nā ʻīlio e ʻau ana i ka muliwai ke ala ʻē aʻe o ka haumia.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Gulson: "ʻO kēia ka lāʻau lapaʻau i kumu i ka haumia.""ʻOiaʻiʻo, ʻaʻohe kumu manaʻo ʻē aʻe."
Ma UK, aia he 66 mau mea lāʻau lapaʻau laikini i loaʻa ka fipronil a me 21 lāʻau lapaʻau lāʻau i loaʻa i ka imidacloprid, he nui nā mea i kūʻai ʻia me ka ʻole o ke kau ʻana.ʻAʻole pono ka mālama ʻana i ka peʻa, mālama ʻia nā holoholona he nui i kēlā me kēia mahina.
Ua ʻōlelo ka poʻe ʻepekema pono e noʻonoʻo hou ʻia kēia, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka hoʻoilo i ka wā maʻamau ʻole nā ​​ʻauʻau.Ua ʻōlelo lākou e noʻonoʻo ʻia nā lula hou, e like me ke koi ʻana i nā ʻōlelo kuhikuhi a me ka loiloi ʻana i nā pilikia kūlohelohe ma mua o ka ʻae ʻia no ka hoʻohana.
"Ke hoʻomaka ʻoe e hoʻohana i kekahi ʻano pesticides ma kahi ākea nui, loaʻa pinepine nā hopena i manaʻo ʻole ʻia," wahi a Gulson.ʻIke loa, ua hewa kekahi mea.ʻAʻohe kaʻina hoʻoponopono no kēia pilikia kūikawā, a pono e hana ʻia.”
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Matt Shardlow o Buglife: "ʻEkolu mau makahiki i hala mai ka wā i hoʻomaka mua ai mākou i ka pōʻino o ka mālama ʻana i ka ʻōpala i nā holoholona hihiu, ʻaʻohe mea i hana ʻia.ʻO ka haumia koʻikoʻi a keu loa o ka fipronil i nā kino wai a pau he mea haʻalulu, a pono ke aupuni e pāpā koke iā ia.E hoʻohana i ka fipronil a me ka imidacloprid ma ke ʻano he lāʻau lapaʻau.Ua ʻōlelo ʻo ia, hoʻohana ʻia kekahi mau tone o kēia mau insecticides i nā holoholona i kēlā me kēia makahiki.