He maʻi maʻamau ka ʻūpalapalaoa ma ka honua, ʻo ia ke kumu nui o ka maʻi ʻala, ka pala pepeiao, ka pala kumu, ka pala a me ka pala pepeiao.hiki ke poino mai ka hua a hiki i ke po'o, a o ka mea ko'iko'i o ka pala pepeiao, 'o ia kekahi o na ma'i ko'iko'i o ka palaoa.

He aha nā fungicides hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia no ka mālama ʻana?

ʻO Carbendazim kahi ʻano fungicide benzimidazole, he mea kūpono i nā ascomycetes a me Deuteromycetes.No laila, he mana kiʻekiʻe ka carbendazim ma luna o ka palapala palaoa.ʻO ia ka lāʻau lapaʻau mua loa e hoʻomalu i ka ʻōpala palaoa me ke kumu kūʻai haʻahaʻa.

ʻO Thiophanate methyl, e like me ka carbendazim, he ʻano fungicide benzimidazole.Hiki ke hoʻololi ʻia i carbendazim i nā mea kanu, kahi e hoʻopilikia ai i ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ke kino spindle a me ka mahele cell.No laila, ua like kona mana me ka carbendazim, akā i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka carbendazim, ʻoi aku ka ikaika o ka absorption a me ka hopena lōʻihi.No nā mea kanu i hoʻopili ʻia, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka hopena ma mua o ka carbendazim.

He hopena maikaʻi ko Tebuconazole ma luna o ka pauka, ʻōpala a me nā maʻi ʻē aʻe.ʻO Tebuconazole kahi lāʻau kūpono a kūpono hoʻi e hoʻopaʻa i ka pehu palaoa.ʻO ka hoʻohana kūpono ʻana o Tebuconazole he hopena hoʻomalu maikaʻi i ka palapalapalaoa, a ʻo ia kekahi o nā fungicides maikaʻi loa e kāohi ai i ka palapalapalaoa.

Ma o ka hui pū ʻana o nā mea hana like ʻole, ʻo ia ke ala maʻamau a pololei e hoʻomalu ai i ka palapala palaoa, a hiki ke hoʻopaneʻe i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o ka fungicide.

ʻO ka huahana hoʻohui me ka maikaʻi kiʻekiʻe no ka ʻōpala palaoa he mea hoʻohui ikaika i ka fungicide no ka hoʻomalu ʻana i ka palapalapalaoa.