E hoʻoulu koke ʻia ʻo Lupins i nā ʻāpana o UK, e hāʻawi ana i nā mahiʻai i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe maoli, nā waiwai kiʻekiʻe loa, a me nā pono hoʻomaikaʻi ʻāina.
ʻO ka hua he protein kiʻekiʻe loa ia e hiki ke pani i kekahi mau soybeans i lawe ʻia mai i hoʻohana ʻia i nā ʻai holoholona a he pani hoʻomau no ka UK.
Eia naʻe, e like me kā Soya UK alakaʻi ʻo David McNaughton i kuhikuhi ai, ʻaʻole kēia he mea kanu hou.“Ua kanu ʻia mai ka makahiki 1996, ma kahi o 600-1,200 mau ʻeka i kanu ʻia i kēlā me kēia makahiki.
"No laila, ʻaʻole kēia ka hihia o ke kanaka me nā māla he nui.He mea kanu i hoʻokumu ʻia a hiki ke hoʻonui ʻia no ka mea ʻike mākou pehea e ulu ai.
No laila, no ke aha i wehe ʻole ʻia ai nā hua puna?Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. McNaughton, ʻelua kumu nui o ka noho ʻana o ia wahi.
ʻO ka mea mua, ʻo ia ka mālama ʻana i ka weed.A hiki i kēia manawa, ʻoiai ʻaʻohe ʻano hana kemika kānāwai, ua hōʻike ʻia he poʻo.
Akā i loko o ʻekolu a ʻehā makahiki i hala iho nei, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kūlana me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka ʻae ʻia o nā lāʻau herbicides preemergence ʻekolu no ka hoʻohana lua.
ʻO kēia nā nirvana (Imasamo + pendimethalin), S-foot (pendimethalin) a me Garmit (Cromazong).Aia kekahi koho post-emergence ma Lentagran (pyridine).
"Loaʻa iā mākou ka mua o ka puka ʻana a me ke kūpono ma hope o ka puka ʻana, no laila ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia ka hua o kēia manawa me ka pī."
ʻO kekahi pilikia ka nele o ka mākeke a me ka lawa ʻole o ka noi mai nā mea hoʻohui meaʻai.Eia nō naʻe, ke hana nei ʻo Frontier a me ABN i kahi noiʻi kūpono i ka lupine keʻokeʻo (e nānā i ka panel) ma ke ʻano he hānai holoholona, ​​​​hiki ke loli ke kūlana.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. McNaughton ʻo kekahi o nā kumu nui i ka kaulana o ka lupine ʻo ia kona ʻano kiʻekiʻe.Loaʻa nā lupins a me nā soybeans i nā kiʻekiʻe kiʻekiʻe o ka sulfur-containing amino acids, he mea nui ia no nā meaʻai puaʻa a me nā moa a me nā bipi hānai kiʻekiʻe."Pono lākou i ka wahie rocket, nā soybeans a me nā lupins."
No laila, inā he mea kanu hui, e hana pū ʻo Mr. McNaughton me nā mea kūʻai aku e ʻike i ka ulu ʻana o ka ʻāina i kanu ʻia i nā mea kanu i nā ʻumi kaukani ʻeka.
No laila pehea ke ʻano o ka ʻoihana UK?Ke manaʻoʻiʻo nei ʻo Mr. McNaughton e pili ana i ka ʻāina, e hui pū ʻia ka uliuli a me ke keʻokeʻo.
Ua wehewehe ʻo ia he ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole nā ​​lupine uliuli, keʻokeʻo a me ka melemele, e like me ka palaoa, ka bale a me ka oat he mau ʻano ʻano ʻano like ʻole.
ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lupine keʻokeʻo, me kahi ʻano protein o 38-40%, kahi ʻaila ʻaila o 10%, a me kahi hua o 3-4t/ha."I ka lā maikaʻi, hiki lākou i 5t/ha."
No laila, ʻo ke keʻokeʻo ke koho mua loa, akā ma Lincolnshire a me Staffordshire, ʻōlelo ʻo ia e hoʻololi i ka uliuli no ka mea ʻo lākou i ke kakahiaka nui, ʻoiai inā ʻaʻole kahi diquat maloʻo ka mea kanu.
Ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. McNaughton, ʻoi aku ka hoʻomanawanui o nā lupin keʻokeʻo a hiki ke ulu i ka lepo ma lalo o ka pH 7.9, ʻoiai hiki ke ulu ka uliuli ma ka pH 7.3.
"Ma ke kumu, i ka wā e hālāwai ai nā aʻa i nā kūlana alkaline, inā loaʻa iā ʻoe ka nele o ka hao mau, mai hoʻoulu iā lākou ma nā pali ʻala."
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“Ma ka lepo pālolo, maikaʻi lākou, akā ma ka pālolo mānoanoa, ʻalaʻala, pālolo kūpono.Aia nō hoʻi lākou i ka compaction.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻo ia i ke one mai Nottinghamshire, a ʻo ke one mai Blakelands a me Dorset he mea kūpono no nā mea kanu.Ua hoʻohui ʻo ia: "E hana maikaʻi ka hapa nui o ka ʻāina ʻai ma East Anglia, East Midlands a me Cambridgeshire."
Nui nā pōmaikaʻi no nā mea kanu.ʻO ka mea mua, he haʻahaʻa ko lākou kumukūʻai kanu, a he mea liʻiliʻi lākou e koi ai.Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea kanu ʻē aʻe e like me ka oilseed rape, ʻaʻole lākou i hoʻopilikia ʻia e nā pests a me nā maʻi.
ʻO kekahi maʻi, ʻo ka anthracnose, hiki ke hōʻeha nui inā haʻalele ʻole ʻia.Akā ua maʻalahi ka ʻike ʻia a me ka hana ʻia e nā fungicides alkaline.
Ua kuhikuhi ʻo Mr. McNaughton, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o ka lupine ma mua o ka pī i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka nitrogen, 230-240kg/ha a me 180kg/ha."E ʻike ʻoe i ka palaoa me ka hua lupine kiʻekiʻe loa."
E like me ka hua flax, maikaʻi nā lupins no ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i ke ʻano o ka lepo a me ka hoʻokuʻu ʻana i nā meaʻai i loko o ka lepo no ka mea e hoʻopuka nā aʻa o ka pī i nā waikawa organik.
No ka mea e pili ana i ka meaʻai, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o lākou ma mua o ka pīni, a ʻōlelo ka poʻe kālepa meaʻai hoʻohuihui ua manaʻo lākou ʻaʻole like ka 1 kg o ka lupine me 1 kg o ka soybeans.
No laila, ua ʻōlelo ʻo Mr. McNaughton, inā e manaʻo ʻoe aia lākou ma waena o nā pīni a me nā soybeans, aia lākou ma kahi o 275 paona/ton, me ka manaʻo ʻana he 350 paona/ton ka soya, a ʻo ka pīni he 200 paona/ton.
Ma muli o kēia waiwai, e hoʻonui maoli ʻia ka waiwai, a inā he 3.7t/ha ka nui o ka hoʻopuka ʻana he £1,017/ha.No laila, me ka piʻi ʻana o ke kumukūʻai o 250 paona no ka ʻeka, ʻano nani kēia mea kanu.
I ka pōkole, hiki i ka lupine ke lilo i mea ʻai waiwai, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka huli ʻana a me ke olakino o ka lepo, a ua like ka nui o UK me ka piʻi combable.
Akā, ua loli ke kūlana.Ma muli o ka ulu ʻana o ka hopohopo e pili ana i nā soybeans i lawe ʻia mai, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka nānā ʻana i nā kumu protein hoʻomau i UK.
ʻO ia ke kumu e nānā hou ai ʻo ABN (e ʻike i ka panel) i nā mea kanu, a ʻo ia paha ka mea e pono ai e hoʻopau i nā mea kanu.
Loaʻa iā AB Agri nā keʻena agronomy a me ka hui ʻana i nā meaʻai ma Frontier Agriculture a me ABN, a ke aʻo nei i kēia manawa i ka hiki ke hoʻokomo i ka lupine i ulu ʻia ma UK i nā ʻai holoholona.
Ke ʻimi nei ka hui i nā kumu protein hoʻomau hou a ʻē aʻe i hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia i nā meaʻai puaʻa a me nā moa.
ʻO ke kumu o ka haʻawina kūpono ʻo ia ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka ʻike loea o Frontier e aʻo ai pehea e ulu ai i nā lupins, a laila hiki iā ia ke hoʻonui i luna i hilinaʻi nā mea hoʻohui i ka lako protein.
Ua hoʻomaka ke aʻo ʻana ma 2018, a i ka makahiki i hala, ʻo ka hapa nui ma Kent, aia he 240-280 ʻeka o ka lupine keʻokeʻo ma ka honua.E hana ʻia ka ʻeli ʻana ma nā wahi like i ka puna aʻe.
Wahi a Robert Nightingale, he loea huaʻai a hoʻomau ma Frontier, ua ʻoi aku ka hua keʻokeʻo i ka makahiki i hala ma mua o 4 tons no ka ʻeka.
Nui nā haʻawina i aʻo ʻia, me ka pono e koho i kahi kūpono.ʻOi aku ka maikaʻi o nā lupins no nā ʻāina haʻahaʻa a māmā no ka mea ʻaʻole lākou makemake i ka compaction.
"Ua maʻalahi lākou i ka pH, a inā loaʻa ʻoe, e hakakā lākou.E nānā kā mākou agronomists i ke kūpono o kēlā me kēia mea kanu e pili ana i ka wahi a me ke ʻano lepo ma mua o ka hōʻike ʻana i kēia noiʻi.
Pono nā mea kanu i ka inu i ka wā i hoʻokumu ʻia ai.Akā, ma hope o ka ua, ʻoi aku ko lākou ʻae ʻana i ka maloʻo ma mua o ka pī a me nā pī a ʻoi aku ka nui o nā aʻa.
Ma ke kaohi ʻana i ka mauʻu, ke ʻimi nei ʻo Frontier i nā koho herbicide ʻē aʻe e hoʻonui i kona ʻae no ka hoʻohana lua.
"ʻAʻole lawa ka hoʻopiha ʻana i ke āpau, akā ma muli o ke ʻano o ka lepo, hiki ke hōʻike ʻia he hua pono."
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