Roberto Lopez da Kellie Walters, Sashen Harkokin Noma, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan-Mayu 16, 2017
Zazzabi na iska da alkalinity na ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto yayin aikace-aikacen zai shafi tasirin ethephon shuka girma aikace-aikace (PGR).
Ana amfani da masu sarrafa ci gaban shuka (PGR) azaman foliar sprays, infusions substrate, infusions na rufi ko kwararan fitila, tubers da rhizomes infusions/infusions.Yin amfani da albarkatun halittu na shuka akan amfanin gona na greenhouse zai iya taimakawa masu noman su samar da iri ɗaya da ƙananan tsire-tsire waɗanda za'a iya tattarawa cikin sauƙi, jigilar su, da sayarwa ga masu amfani.Yawancin PGRs da masu shukar greenhouse ke amfani da su (misali, pyrethroid, chlorergot, damazine, fluoxamide, paclobutrazol ko uniconazole) suna hana haɓakar ci gaba ta hanyar hana biosynthesis na gibberellins (GAs) (Extended girma) Gibberellin shine hormone shuka wanda ke daidaita girma.Kuma kara yana elongated.
Sabanin haka, ethephon (2-chloroethyl; phosphonic acid) shine PGR wanda ke da amfani da yawa saboda yana fitar da ethylene (hormone na shuka wanda ke da alhakin balaga da jin daɗi) lokacin amfani da shi.Ana iya amfani dashi don hana elongation karami;ƙara diamita mai tushe;rage rinjaye apical, yana haifar da karuwar reshe da girma a gefe;da haifar da zubar da furanni da buds (zubar da ciki) (hoto 1).
Misali, idan aka yi amfani da shi a lokacin haifuwa, zai iya saita “agogon nazarin halittu” na amfanin gona na lokaci-lokaci ko rashin daidaituwa (kamar Impatiens New Guinea) zuwa sifili ta hanyar haifar da zubar da furanni da furen fure (hoto 2).Bugu da kari, wasu manoma suna amfani da shi don haɓaka reshe da rage haɓakar ƙarar petunia (hoto 3).
Hoto 2. Rashin girma da rashin daidaito fure da haifuwa na Impatiens New Guinea.Hoton Roberto Lopez, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan.
Hoto 3. Petunia da aka yi amfani da shi tare da ethephon ya karu da reshe, rage yawan haɓakar internode da zubar da furen fure.Hoton Roberto Lopez, Jami'ar Jihar Michigan.
Ethephon (misali, Florel, 3.9% sashi mai aiki; ko Collate, 21.7% kayan aiki mai aiki) ana amfani da feshi a cikin amfanin gona na greenhouse mako daya zuwa biyu bayan dasawa, kuma za'a iya sake amfani da shi bayan mako daya zuwa biyu.Abubuwa da yawa suna shafar tasirin sa, gami da rabo, ƙarar, amfani da surfactants, pH na maganin fesa, zafi mai zafi da zafi na greenhouse.
Abubuwan da ke biyowa zasu koya muku yadda ake haɓaka aikace-aikacen feshin ethephon ta hanyar saka idanu da daidaita abubuwan al'adu da muhalli guda biyu waɗanda galibi ba a kula da su ba waɗanda ke shafar inganci.
Hakazalika da yawancin sinadarai na greenhouse da albarkatun kwayoyin halitta, ethephon yawanci ana amfani da shi a cikin ruwa (fesa).Lokacin da ethephon ya canza zuwa ethylene, yana canzawa daga ruwa zuwa gas.Idan ethephon ya bazu zuwa cikin ethylene a wajen masana'anta, yawancin sinadarai za su ɓace a cikin iska.Don haka, muna son tsire-tsire su shanye shi kafin a rushe shi cikin ethylene.Yayin da darajar pH ta karu, ethephon yana sauri zuwa cikin ethylene.Wannan yana nufin cewa makasudin shine kiyaye pH na maganin fesa tsakanin shawarar 4 zuwa 5 bayan ƙara ethephon zuwa ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto.Yawancin lokaci wannan ba matsala ba ne, saboda ethephon yana da acidic.Koyaya, idan alkalinity ɗinku yayi girma, pH ɗin bazai faɗi cikin kewayon da aka ba da shawarar ba, kuma kuna iya buƙatar ƙara wani buffer, kamar acid (sulfuric acid ko adjuvant, pHase5 ko mai nuna alama 5) don rage pH..
Ethephon yana da ɗanɗano acidic.Yayin da maida hankali ya karu, pH na maganin zai ragu.Yayin da alkalinity na mai ɗaukar ruwa ya ragu, pH na maganin kuma zai ragu (hoto 4).Maƙasudin ƙarshe shine kiyaye pH na maganin fesa tsakanin 4 da 5. Duk da haka, masu shukar ruwa mai tsabta (ƙananan alkalinity) na iya buƙatar ƙara wasu buffers don hana pH na maganin fesa daga zama ƙasa da ƙasa (pH kasa da 3.0). ).
Hoto 4. Sakamakon ruwa alkalinity da ethephon maida hankali a kan pH na fesa bayani.Layin baƙar fata yana nuna shawarar mai ɗaukar ruwa pH 4.5.
A cikin binciken da aka yi kwanan nan daga Jami'ar Jihar Michigan, mun yi amfani da alkalinity guda uku masu ɗaukar ruwa (50, 150 da 300 ppm CaCO3) da ethephon huɗu (Collat ​​e, Fine Americas, Inc., Walnut Creek, CA; 0, 250, 500). da 750) amfani da ethephon (ppm) maida hankali ga ivy geranium, petunia da verbena.Mun gano cewa yayin da alkalinity na mai ɗaukar ruwa ya ragu kuma ƙaddamarwar ethephon ya karu, haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar haɓakar ductility yana raguwa (hoto 5).
Hoto 5. Tasirin ruwa alkalinity da ethephon maida hankali a kan reshe da flowering na ivy geranium.Hoton Kelly Walters.
Saboda haka, MSU Extension yana ba da shawarar cewa ka bincika alkalinity na ruwa mai ɗaukar hoto kafin amfani da ethephon.Ana iya yin haka ta hanyar aika samfurin ruwa zuwa dakin gwaje-gwaje da kuka fi so, ko kuna iya gwada ruwan tare da mitar alkalinity na hannu (Hoto 6) sannan ku yi gyare-gyaren da suka dace kamar yadda aka bayyana a sama.Na gaba, ƙara ethephon kuma duba pH na maganin fesa tare da mita pH na hannu don tabbatar da cewa yana tsakanin 4 da 5.
Hoto 6. Mitar alkalinity mai ɗaukar hoto, wanda za'a iya amfani dashi a cikin greenhouses don sanin alkalinity na ruwa.Hoton Kelly Walters.
Mun kuma ƙaddara cewa zafin jiki yayin aikace-aikacen sinadarai shima zai shafi ingancin ethephon.Yayin da zafin iska ya karu, adadin sakin ethylene daga ethephon yana ƙaruwa, a ka'ida yana rage tasirin sa.Daga bincikenmu, mun gano cewa ethephon yana da isasshen inganci lokacin da yawan zafin jiki ya kasance tsakanin 57 da 73 digiri Fahrenheit.Duk da haka, lokacin da zafin jiki ya tashi zuwa digiri 79 na Fahrenheit, ethephon ba shi da wani tasiri a kan ci gaban elongation, ko da girma reshe ko furen zubar da ciki (hoto 7).
Hoto 7. Sakamakon zafin aikace-aikacen akan ingancin 750 ppm ethephon spray akan petunia.Hoton Kelly Walters.
Idan kana da babban alkalinity na ruwa, da fatan za a yi amfani da buffer ko adjuvant don rage alkalinity na ruwa kafin a hada maganin fesa kuma a ƙarshe kai darajar pH na maganin fesa.Yi la'akari da fesa maganin ethephon a cikin ranakun gajimare, da sassafe ko maraice lokacin da yanayin zafi ke ƙasa da 79 F.
Godiya.Wannan bayanin ya dogara ne akan aikin da Fine Americas, Inc., Western Michigan Greenhouse Association, Detroit Metropolitan Flower Growers Association, da Ball Horticultural Co.
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Jami'ar Jihar Michigan mataki ne na tabbatarwa, daidaitaccen ma'aikaci, wanda ya himmatu don ƙarfafa kowa da kowa don cimma cikakkiyar damarsa ta hanyar ma'aikata daban-daban da kuma al'adun da suka haɗa da juna don cimma kyakkyawan aiki.Shirye-shiryen fadada Jami'ar Jihar Michigan da kayan aiki a buɗe suke ga kowa da kowa, ba tare da la'akari da launin fata, launi, asalin ƙasa, jinsi, asalin jinsi, addini, shekaru, tsawo, nauyi, nakasa, imani na siyasa, yanayin jima'i, matsayin aure, matsayin iyali, ko ritaya. Matsayin soja.Tare da haɗin gwiwar Ma'aikatar Aikin Gona ta Amurka, an ba da ita ta hanyar haɓakawa ta MSU daga Mayu 8 zuwa 30 ga Yuni, 1914. Jeffrey W. Dwyer, Daraktan Tsawo na MSU, East Lansing, Michigan, MI48824.Wannan bayanin don dalilai ne na ilimi kawai.ambaton samfuran kasuwanci ko sunayen kasuwanci baya nufin cewa MSU Extension sun amince da su ko samfuran ni'imar da ba a ambata ba.Sunan 4-H da tambarin Majalisa suna da kariya ta musamman kuma ana kiyaye su ta lambar 18 USC 707.