Wani bincike ya nuna cewa magungunan kashe kwari masu guba da ake amfani da su a cikin kuliyoyi da karnuka don kashe kwari suna lalata kogunan Ingila.Masana kimiya sun ce binciken yana da matukar alaka da kwari da ruwa da kifi da tsuntsayen da suka dogara da su, kuma suna sa ran yin illa sosai ga muhalli.
Binciken ya gano cewa a cikin 99% na samfurori daga koguna 20, abun ciki na fipronil ya kasance mai girma, kuma matsakaicin abun ciki na musamman mai guba mai guba samfurin lalata shine sau 38 na aminci.Fenoxtone da aka samu a cikin kogin da kuma wani jijiya mai suna imidacloprid an dakatar da su a gonaki tsawon shekaru.
Akwai kimanin karnuka miliyan 10 da kuliyoyi miliyan 11 a Burtaniya, kuma an kiyasta cewa kashi 80% na mutane za su sami maganin ƙuma (ko ana buƙata ko a'a).Masu binciken sun ce ba a ba da shawarar yin amfani da makauniyar maganin ƙuma ba, kuma ana buƙatar sabbin ka'idoji.A halin yanzu, an yarda da maganin ƙuma ba tare da kimanta lalacewar muhalli ba.
Rosemary Perkins na Jami'ar Sussex, wacce ke kula da binciken, ta ce: "Fipronil yana daya daga cikin kayan ƙuma da aka fi amfani da su.Binciken da aka yi kwanan nan ya nuna cewa ana iya lalata shi zuwa karin kwari fiye da fipronil kanta.Ƙarin mahadi masu guba.”"Sakamakon mu yana da matukar damuwa."
Dave Goulson, wani memba na kungiyar bincike kuma a Jami'ar Sussex, ya ce: "Ba zan iya yarda da cewa maganin kashe kwari ya zama ruwan dare gama gari ba.Wadannan sinadarai guda biyu suna gurbata kogunan mu na dogon lokaci..
Ya ce: "Matsalar ita ce waɗannan sinadarai suna da tasiri sosai," ko da a cikin ƙananan yawa."Muna fatan za su yi tasiri sosai kan rayuwar kwari a cikin kogin."Ya ce maganin kashe kwari da ke amfani da imidacloprid don magance ƙuma a cikin karnuka masu matsakaicin girma ya isa ya kashe kudan zuma miliyan 60.
Rahoton farko na manyan matakan neonicotinoids (irin su imidacloprid) a cikin koguna an yi su ne ta ƙungiyar kiyayewa ta Buglife a cikin 2017, kodayake binciken bai haɗa da fipronil ba.Kwarin ruwa na cikin ruwa suna iya kamuwa da neonicotinoids.Wani bincike da aka gudanar a kasar Netherlands ya nuna cewa gurbacewar ruwa na dogon lokaci ya haifar da raguwar kwari da tsuntsaye.Saboda sauran gurbatar yanayi daga gonaki da najasa, kwari da ke cikin ruwa suma suna raguwa, kuma kashi 14% na kogunan Birtaniyya ne kawai ke da lafiyar muhalli.
Sabon binciken, wanda aka buga a mujallar Comprehensive Environmental Science, ya hada da kusan nazari 4,000 na samfurori da Hukumar Muhalli ta tattara a cikin koguna 20 na Burtaniya tsakanin 2016-18.Waɗannan suna gudana daga Gwajin Kogin a Hampshire zuwa Kogin Eden a Cumbria.
An gano Fipronil a cikin kashi 99% na samfuran, kuma an sami samfurin lalata mai guba Fipronil sulfone a cikin 97% na samfuran.Matsakaicin ƙaddamarwa shine sau 5 da sau 38 mafi girma fiye da ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun guba, bi da bi.Babu wani hani a hukumance kan waɗannan sinadarai a Burtaniya, don haka masana kimiyya sun yi amfani da rahoton kimantawa na 2017 da aka samar don Hukumar Kula da ingancin Ruwa ta California.An samo Imidacloprid a cikin 66% na samfurori, kuma an wuce iyakar yawan guba a cikin 7 daga 20 koguna.
An haramta amfani da Fipronil a gonaki a cikin 2017, amma ba a yi amfani da shi ba kafin lokacin.An dakatar da Imidacloprid a cikin 2018 kuma ba a cika amfani da shi ba a cikin 'yan shekarun nan.Masu bincike sun gano mafi girman matakan maganin kashe kwari a cikin masana'antar sarrafa ruwa, wanda ke nuna cewa yankunan birni ne tushen tushen, ba gonaki ba.
Kamar yadda muka sani, wanke dabbobin gida na iya zubar da fipronil a cikin magudanar ruwa sannan kuma a cikin kogin, kuma karnukan da ke iyo a cikin kogin suna samar da wata hanyar gurbatawa.Gulson ya ce: "Dole ne wannan shine maganin ƙuma da ya haifar da gurɓacewar.""Hakika, babu wani tushe da ake iya tunanin."
A Burtaniya, akwai samfuran likitan dabbobi 66 masu lasisi da ke ɗauke da fipronil da magungunan dabbobi 21 da ke ɗauke da imidacloprid, yawancin su ana sayar da su ba tare da takardar sayan magani ba.Ko da kuwa ko ana buƙatar maganin ƙuma, yawancin dabbobi ana bi da su kowane wata.
Masana kimiyya sun ce ya kamata a sake yin la'akari da hakan, musamman a lokacin hunturu lokacin da ƙuda ba a saba ba.Sun ce ya kamata kuma a yi la'akari da sabbin ka'idoji, kamar buƙatar takaddun magunguna da tantance haɗarin muhalli kafin a amince da amfani da su.
"Lokacin da ka fara amfani da kowane irin magungunan kashe qwari a kan babban sikelin, sau da yawa ana samun sakamakon da ba a yi niyya ba," in ji Gulson.Babu shakka, wani abu ya faru ba daidai ba.Babu wani tsari na tsari don wannan haɗari na musamman, kuma a fili yana buƙatar yin shi.”
Matt Shardlow na Buglife ya ce: “Shekaru uku sun shude tun lokacin da muka fara jaddada illar maganin ƙuma ga namun daji, kuma ba a ɗauki matakan da suka dace ba.Mummunan gurbacewar fipronil ga dukkan sassan ruwa abu ne mai ban tsoro, kuma gwamnati cikin gaggawa ta hana shi.Yi amfani da fipronil da imidacloprid azaman maganin ƙuma.Ya ce ana amfani da tan da yawa na wadannan magungunan kashe kwari a cikin dabbobin gida kowace shekara.