Ƙuntata sabbin sinadarai, haɓaka juriya na kwari da dawo da damuwa rootworm na masara kaɗan ne kawai daga cikin abubuwan da suka sa 2020 ya zama shekara mai matukar buƙata don sarrafa kwari, kuma waɗannan abubuwan suna iya ci gaba da wanzuwa a cikin 2021.
Yayin da masu noma da dillalai ke magance waɗannan ƙalubalen, Sam Knott, mai kula da amfanin gona na Atticus LLC na tsakiyar Amurka, ya lura cewa ba su da martani ga maganin kwari da na biyu, yayin da tsarin da aka tsara ya fi yawa.
Knott ya ce: "Lokacin da za a iya haɗa halaye da sinadarai don baiwa manoma ƙarin tsare-tsare masu hana harsashi cikin 2021," ya ƙara da cewa ya ƙara ganin yadda ake amfani da maganin kwari a cikin rami.Hana kwari na biyu kamar nematodes da rub.
Har ila yau, Nessler ya gano cewa saboda dalilai daban-daban, buƙatar magungunan ƙwayoyi (ciki har da pyrethroids, bifenthrin da imidacloprid) suna karuwa.
“Ina ganin matakin ilimi na masu noma ba a taba ganin irinsa ba.Yawancin masu noman ci gaba sun fahimci kayan aikin AI ko haɗin kai fiye da kowane lokaci.Suna neman ingantattun samfura daga masu siyar da abin dogaro waɗanda farashinsu zai fi gamsuwa.Bukatun su, kuma a nan ne daidai inda magunguna na yau da kullun za su iya biyan bukatunsu da buƙatun dillalan don bambancewa da samar da kayayyaki masu inganci.
Lokacin da masu noma suka bincika abubuwan da suka samu a hankali, Nick Fassler, manajan sashen tallan fasaha na BASF, ya ƙarfafa wani cikakken bincike na yawan ƙwari don sanin ko an cimma maƙasudin tattalin arziki.Misali, ga aphids, akwai aphids 250 a kowace shuka a matsakaici, kuma fiye da kashi 80% na tsire-tsire suna kamuwa da cuta.
Ya ce: "Idan kuka gudanar da bincike akai-akai kuma jama'a suka daidaita, suka kiyaye, ko suka ƙi, ƙila ba za ku iya ba da hujjar aikace-aikacen ba.""Duk da haka, idan kun (kai ga matakin tattalin arziki) kuna la'akari da yuwuwar asarar samar da kayayyaki.A yau, ba mu da yawa “fita duka” tunani, amma a zahiri yana kimanta matakan kare yuwuwar kudaden shiga.Waɗannan ƙarin tafiye-tafiyen bincike na iya haifar da lada.
Daga cikin sabbin samfuran kashe kwari da aka ƙaddamar a cikin 2021, BASF's Renestra shine Fastac, premix na pyrethroids, kuma sabon kayan aikin sa Sefina Inscalis yana da tasiri akan aphids.Fassler ya ce haɗin gwiwar yana samar wa masu noman maganin da za a iya amfani da su don magance kwari da yawa da aphids na waken soya waɗanda ke jure wa sinadarai na gargajiya.Wannan samfurin an yi niyya ne ga masu noma a tsakiyar yamma, inda ake buƙatar magance aphids waken soya, beetles na Japan da sauran kwari masu tauna.
A cikin 'yan shekarun da suka gabata, raguwar halaye, musamman ga masu noman masara, ya karu, saboda ra'ayin cewa an rage tushen masara a matsayin barazana.Amma karuwar matsin lamba akan tushen masara a cikin 2020 na iya haifar da masu noma da dillalai su sake yin la'akari da shirin su na shekara mai zuwa.
“Ga masu noma, wannan bugu biyu ne.Suna canzawa daga dala zuwa yanayin aiki guda ɗaya, sannan wannan babban matsin lamba ya tashi (yana haifar da hasara mai yawa).Ina tsammanin 2020 za ta fadi saboda mutane sune Sanin riƙe masara, datsawa, asarar amfanin ƙasa da ƙalubalen girbi zai ƙaru sosai, "Meade McDonald, shugaban tallan samfuran Arewacin Amurka don maganin kashe kwari na Syngenta, ya gaya wa mujallar CropLife®.
Daga cikin halayen kasuwanci guda huɗu waɗanda za a iya amfani da su don yaƙi da tushen masara a ƙarƙashin ƙasa a yau, duka huɗun suna jure wa filin.Jim Lappin, darektan fayil ɗin SIMPAS da ƙawancen AMVAC, ya nuna cewa kusan kashi 70% na masarar da aka shuka yana da sifa ɗaya kawai ta ƙasa, yana ƙara matsa lamba akan wannan halayyar.
Lappin ya ce: "Wannan ba yana nufin za su yi kasa a gwiwa ba a kowane lokaci, amma yana nufin cewa mutane suna mai da hankali sosai kan wasan kwaikwayon da aka yi a baya."
BASF's Fassler ya bukaci masu noma da su yi taka tsantsan yayin la'akari da rage farashin, domin da zarar tushen lalacewa ya fara, kusan ba zai yuwu a gyara shi a cikin amfanin gona ba.
"Tattaunawa da masana agronomist na gida da abokan hulɗa iri zai zama hanya mafi kyau don fahimtar matsalolin kwari da ke wanzu da kuma waɗanne al'ummomi masu tasowa a cikin jujjuyawar masara da waken soya don tabbatar da inda kuke buƙatar sanya halaye da kuma inda za ku iya kasuwanci ya ƙi," Fassler ya ba da shawarar. .“Boye masara ba abu ne mai ban sha’awa ba, ba wani abu ba ne da muke son kowa ya dandana.Kafin yin wannan zaɓi (don rage farashin), da fatan kun riga kun san cinikin.
Dokta Nick Seiter, masanin ilimin dabbobi a fannin amfanin gona a Jami'ar Illinois, ya ba da shawarar: "Ga gonakin masara da ke haifar da lalacewar tushen masara a cikin 2020, hanya mafi kyau ita ce a mayar da su zuwa wake a 2021."Ba zai kawar da fitowar daga filin ba.Ƙwayoyin da ke da yuwuwar juriya-musamman a wuraren da juriyar juriya ke da matsala - tsutsa da ke ƙyanƙyashe a cikin gonakin waken soya na bazara mai zuwa za su mutu."Daga mahangar kula da juriya, abin da ya fi muni shi ne, bayan lura da barnar da aka yi ta bazata a filin a shekarar da ta gabata, ana ci gaba da dashen masara da halaye iri daya."
Seiter ya bayyana cewa auna lalacewar rootworm a cikin filin yana da mahimmanci don tantance ko yawan mutanen da ke zaune zai iya tsayayya da ƙayyadaddun halayen Bt.Don yin la'akari, wani nau'i na 0.5 (rabin node an gyara shi) ana la'akari da lalacewar da ba zato ba tsammani ga shukar masarar pyramidal Bt, wanda zai iya zama shaida na juriya.Ya kara da cewa, ku tuna kuyi la'akari da gauraye matsuguni.
Manajan fasaha na yanki na FMC Corp Gail Stratman ya ce inganta iyawar tushen masara da halayen Bt yana sa masu noman su koma baya su yi la'akari da hanyoyi daban-daban.
“Ba zan iya dogara da halayen Bt kawai don biyan bukatuna ba;Dole ne in yi la'akari da dukan ƙarfin kwari da nake buƙatar gudanarwa, "in ji Stratman, alal misali, haɗe tare da shirin fesa don ƙwanƙwasa ƙwararrun ƙwaro da kuma Sarrafa yawan haifuwa.Ya ce: "Wannan tsarin yanzu ana tattaunawa sosai.""Daga tsaunukan Kansas da Nebraska zuwa Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota da kuma bayan haka, muna kallo zuwa matsalar tushen masara."
Ethos XB (AI: Bifenthrin + Bacillus amyloliquefaciens strain D747) daga FMC da Capture LFR (AI: Bifenthrin) samfura ne guda biyu na magungunan kashe qwari.Stratman ya ambaci maganin kashe kwari na Steward EC a matsayin samfurin da ya fito saboda yana da tasiri a kan ƙwararrun masara rootworm beetles da yawancin kwari na lepidopteran, yayin da yana da ƙarancin tasiri akan kwari masu amfani.
Sabbin magungunan kashe qwari da FMC ta ƙaddamar sun haɗa da Vantacor, wani tsari mai mahimmanci na Rynaxypyr.Sauran shine Elevest, wanda kuma Rynaxypyr ke goyan bayan, amma tare da cikakken adadin bifenthrin da aka ƙara zuwa tsarin.Elevest yana haɓaka ayyukan zaɓe akan kwarorin lepidopteran kuma yana haɓaka kewayon ayyukan kwari sama da 40, gami da kwari da kwari da ke addabar amfanin gona na kudanci.
Ribar da masu noman noma ke yi yana ƙayyade tsarin amfanin gona na shekara a yankuna da yawa.Strahman ya ce saboda farashin masara ya yi tashin gwauron zabi a baya-bayan nan, mai yiwuwa masu noma za su ga karuwar kwari da suka fi son masara, yayin da masara da masara ke ci gaba da karuwa."Wannan na iya zama muhimmin bayani a gare ku don ci gaba a cikin 2021. Ku tuna abin da kuka gani a cikin shekaru biyu da suka gabata, ku kula da yadda al'amuran ke shafar gonaki kuma ku yanke shawarar gudanarwa daidai."
Ga WinField United agronomist Andrew Schmidt, cutworms da kwari na siliki kamar beetles da masara rootworm beetles suna haifar da babbar barazana a yankunansa na Missouri da gabashin Kansas.Missouri yana da 'yan gonakin masara kaɗan, don haka matsalolin rootworm ba su yaɗu ba.A cikin shekaru biyu zuwa uku da suka gabata, masu ba da abinci (musamman kwari na gado) sun kasance da matsala musamman a waken soya, don haka ƙungiyarsa ta ba da fifikon leƙen asiri yayin matakan girma da kuma cika kwafsa.
Tundra Supreme ya fito daga WinField United kuma yana ɗaya daga cikin manyan samfuran da Schmidt ya ba da shawarar.Wannan samfurin yana da nau'i biyu na aiki (AI: bifenthrin + bindiga mai guba), kuma yana iya hanawa da sarrafa saura beetles na Jafananci, kwari na gado, beetles leaf wake, ja gizo-gizo da yawa masara da kwari waken soya.
Schmidt ya kuma jaddada abubuwan da ke tattare da kamfanin na MasterLock a matsayin abokin tarayya don samfuran hada-hadar ganga don cimma kyakkyawan ɗaukar hoto da sakawa.
“Yawancin kwarin da muke fesa waken soya R3 zuwa R4 ne a cikin rufaffiyar rufaffiyar.MasterLock tare da surfactants da kayan taimako na ajiya na iya taimaka mana mu kawo maganin kwari a cikin rufin.Komai maganin kwari da muke amfani da shi, Dukanmu muna ba da shawarar amfani da shi a cikin wannan aikace-aikacen don taimakawa wajen sarrafa kwarin da samun kyakkyawar dawowa kan saka hannun jari."
Wani bincike mai zurfi kan dillalan noma da AMVAC ta gudanar a watan Satumba ya nuna cewa matsin lambar masara kan duk amfanin gonakin masara a yankin Midwest da Northwest Midwest zai karu nan da shekarar 2020, wanda ke nuni da cewa za a yi amfani da karin gonakin masara a shekarar 2021. Maganin kwari.
Dillalin aikin noma ya gudanar da bincike a cikin tambayoyin kan layi da ta wayar tarho kuma ya kwatanta matsi na rootworm a cikin 2020 da matsin lamba a cikin 2012. Tun daga wannan lokacin, daga 2013 zuwa 2015, amfani da magungunan kashe kwari na ƙasa ya karu da yanayi uku.
Gudun tsirar ciyawa a cikin kakar 2020 zai karu, yana samar da ƙarin hanyoyin abinci da wuraren zama don wuraren haifuwa.
Lappin ya yi nuni da cewa: "Karfin ciyawar wannan shekara zai yi tasiri kan matsin kwari a shekara mai zuwa."Haɗe tare da hauhawar farashin masara da sauran dalilai, ana sa ran cewa lokacin sanyi zai ƙara yawan rayuwar ƙwai da haɓaka juriya ga halayen Bt, wanda ke nuna yiwuwar gaba na gaba don ƙarin amfani da magungunan masara a wannan kakar.
“Matsalar maganin masara rootworm shine matsakaicin ƙwayar ƙwaro mace ɗaya a kowace shuka.A zaton cewa akwai tsire-tsire 32,000 a kowace kadada, ko da kashi 5% na waɗannan beetles suna yin ƙwai kuma waɗannan ƙwai za su iya rayuwa, har yanzu kuna magana game da dubbai a kowace kadada Strain."Lappin yace.
AMVAC ta masarar ƙasa kwari kwari sun hada da Aztec, da manyan masara rootworm iri da Index, ta ruwa madadin masara rootworm pellet madadin samfurin, kazalika da Force 10G, Counter 20G da SmartChoice HC - duk abin da za a iya hade tare da SmartBox+ Amfani da amfani da SmartCartridges.Za a haɓaka tsarin rufe aikace-aikacen SIMPAS gabaɗaya a cikin kasuwar masara a cikin 2021.
AMVAC masara, waken soya da kuma manajan kasuwar gwoza sugar Nathaniel Quinn (Nathaniel Quinn) ya ce: “Masu noman da yawa sun gano cewa suna son haɓaka matakin sarrafa abin da suke ɗauka shine mafi kyawun amfanin gona.”Ikon yin amfani da magungunan kashe qwari ta hanyoyi daban-daban zai yi amfani, kuma AMVAC yana ba da waɗannan zaɓuɓɓuka.Lokacin yin la'akari da aikace-aikace na yau da kullun, SIMPAS yana baiwa masu noma damar samar da mafi kyawun haɗin halaye, magungunan kashe qwari, da sauran samfuran don Isar da yuwuwar amfanin samar da matakin sarrafawa da ake buƙata."Ya kara da cewa: "Akwai sauran ayyukan da za a yi, amma fasahar da muke bunkasa ita ce ke haifar da wannan ci gaba."
Jackie Pucci babban mai ba da gudummawa ne ga CropLife, PrecisionAg Professional da kuma AgriBusiness Global mujallu.Duba duk labarun marubuci anan.