Da farko, bari mu tabbatar da nau'in mites.Asali nau'in mites iri uku ne, wato jajayen gizo-gizo, gizo-gizo mai tabo biyu da ruwan shayin shayi, sai kuma gizo-gizo mai tabo biyu kuma ana iya kiransa farar gizo-gizo.

1. Dalilin da yasa gizo-gizo gizo-gizo ke da wuyar sarrafawa

Yawancin masu noman ba su da manufar rigakafi a gaba yayin da suke yin rigakafi da sarrafa cututtuka da kwari.Amma a hakikanin gaskiya ba su san cewa da gaske filin ya ga illar cizon sauro, ya riga ya yi tasiri ga inganci da yawan amfanin gona, sannan kuma a dauki wasu matakai na yin magani, illar ba ta kai haka ba. rigakafin tun da wuri, da mites da sauran kwari suma sun bambanta, kuma yana da wahala a magance su bayan kwarin sun faru.

(1) Tushen tushen kwari yana da girma.Jajayen gizo-gizo, mitsin gizo-gizo masu tabo biyu da mites rawaya na shayi suna da ƙarfin daidaitawa da ɗan gajeren girma da hawan haifuwa.Za su iya haifar da tsararraki 10-20 a kowace shekara.Kowane mace babba tana iya yin kwai kusan 100 kowane lokaci.Saurin haɓakawa bayan zafin jiki da zafi yana haifar da adadi mai yawa na tushen kwari a cikin filin, wanda ke ƙara wahalar sarrafawa.

(2) Rashin cikar rigakafi da magani.Ganye akan kayan lambu gabaɗaya ƙanana ne kuma suna son rayuwa a bayan ganye, kuma akwai ganye da yawa waɗanda ke ninkewa.Ana rarraba shi sosai a filayen noma, kamar zuriyar dabbobi, ciyawa, saman ko rassan da sauran wuraren ɓoye, wanda ke ƙara wahalar sarrafawa.Bugu da ƙari, saboda ƙananan girman su da nauyin nauyi, mites suna da sauƙi don motsawa a ƙarƙashin aikin iska, wanda kuma zai ƙara wahalar sarrafawa.

(3) Ma'aikatan rigakafi da kulawa marasa ma'ana.Har yanzu fahimtar mutane da yawa game da mites yana dogara ne akan ra'ayi na gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, kuma suna tunanin cewa za a iya warkewa idan dai sun sha abamectin.A gaskiya ma, an yi amfani da amfani da abamectin don sarrafa jajayen gizo-gizo shekaru da yawa.Kodayake an haɓaka wasu juriya, tasirin sarrafawa akan jajayen gizo-gizo har yanzu yana da kyau.Duk da haka, tasirin kula da ƙwayar gizo-gizo mai hange guda biyu da kuma ruwan shayi na rawaya yana raguwa sosai, don haka a yawancin lokuta, yana da mahimmancin dalili na rashin gamsuwa da ƙwayar cuta saboda rashin fahimta.

(4) Hanyar amfani da miyagun ƙwayoyi ba ta da hankali.Yawancin masu noma suna fesa da yawa, amma ba na jin mutane da yawa suna yin hakan.Lokacin sarrafa mites a cikin filin, mutane da yawa har yanzu suna da kasala kuma suna tsoron mai fesa baya, don haka suna zaɓar hanyar saurin fesa.Yana da yawa a fesa mu guda ɗaya da guga na ruwa.Irin wannan hanyar spraying ba daidai ba ne kuma mara hankali.Tasirin sarrafawa bai dace ba.

(5) Rigakafi da sarrafawa ba lokaci ba ne.Tun da yawancin manoma gabaɗaya sun tsufa, idanunsu zai shafi.Duk da haka, mites suna da ƙananan ƙananan, kuma idanun masu shuka da yawa ba su iya gani ko bayyanawa, ta yadda ba a sarrafa mites a lokacin da suka fara bayyana, kuma mites suna karuwa da sauri, kuma yana da sauƙi a sami ƙarnuka masu rikici, wanda ya haifar da rikici. yana ƙara wahalar sarrafawa kuma a ƙarshe yana haifar da fashewar filin.

2. Halin rayuwa da halaye

Ciwon gizo-gizo, mitsin gizo-gizo mai hange guda biyu da kuma ruwan shayi na rawaya gabaɗaya suna wucewa ta matakai huɗu tun daga kwai zuwa babba, wato kwai, nymph, tsutsa da manyan mites.Babban halaye da halaye na rayuwa sune kamar haka:

(1) Taurari:

Baligi ja gizo-gizo mite yana da kusan 0.4-0.5mm tsayi, kuma yana da aibobi masu launi a kan wutsiya.Babban launi ja ne ko ja ja mai duhu, kuma zafin da ya dace shine 28-30 ° C.Akwai kimanin tsararraki 10-13 a duk shekara, kuma kowace mace balagaggu ƙwai sau ɗaya kawai a rayuwarta, ana yin kwai 90-100 a kowane lokaci, kuma zagayowar kwai yana ɗaukar kwanaki 20-30, kuma lokacin shiryawa shine. yafi alaka da zafin jiki da zafi.Ya fi cutar da ganyaye ko 'ya'yan itatuwa, wanda ke haifar da rashin girma da haɓaka.

(2) Ciwon gizo-gizo mai hange biyu:

Har ila yau, da aka sani da fararen gizo-gizo, babban abin da ya bambanta shi ne cewa akwai manyan baƙaƙe guda biyu a gefen hagu da dama na wutsiya, waɗanda aka rarraba su daidai.Girman mites suna da tsayin 0.45mm kuma suna iya samar da tsararraki 10-20 a kowace shekara.Ana samar da su galibi akan bayan ganye.Mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 23-30 ° C.Saboda tasirin muhalli, haɓakar algebra ya bambanta a yankuna daban-daban.

(3) Ciwon ruwan shayi:

Yana da ƙanƙanta kamar ƙarshen allura, kuma gabaɗaya ba a iya gani da ido tsirara.Girman mites suna da kusan 0.2mm.Mafi yawan shagunan sayar da kayayyaki da masu noma ba su da masaniya game da mites rawaya.Yana faruwa a cikin mafi yawan al'ummomi, kimanin tsararraki 20 a kowace shekara.Ya fi son yanayi mai dumi da ɗanɗano.Yana iya faruwa a duk shekara a cikin greenhouse.Mafi dacewa yanayin yanayin girma da haifuwa shine 23-27 ° C da 80% -90% zafi.Zai faru a cikin babban yanki.

3. Hanyoyin rigakafi da shirye-shirye

(1) Samfura guda ɗaya

A halin yanzu, akwai magunguna da yawa na rigakafi da kashe kwari a kasuwa.Abubuwan gama gari guda ɗaya da abun ciki sun haɗa da abubuwa masu zuwa:

Abamectin 5% EC: Ana amfani da ita kawai don sarrafa gizo-gizo ja, kuma adadin kowane mu shine 40-50ml.

Azocyclotin 25% SC: An fi amfani dashi don sarrafa jajayen gizo-gizo, kuma adadin kowane mu shine 35-40ml.

Pyridaben 15% WP: galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa gizo-gizo ja, sashi a kowane mu shine 20-25ml.

Propargite 73% EC: galibi ana amfani dashi don sarrafa gizo-gizo ja, sashi na mu shine 20-30ml.

Spirodiclofen 24% SC: galibi ana amfani da su don sarrafa gizo-gizo ja, sashi a kowane mu shine 10-15ml.

Etoxazole 20% SC: Mite kwai inhibitor, amfani da su hana amfrayo ci gaban da kuma bakara mata manya mites, tasiri ga duka nymphs da tsutsa.Adadin da mu shine 8-10 grams.

Bifenazate 480g / l SC: Tuntuɓi acaricide, yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ƙwayar gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, mites gizo-gizo da ruwan shayi na shayi, kuma yana da tasiri mai sauri akan nymphs, larvae da manya.Kyakkyawan tasirin sarrafawa.Adadin da mu shine gram 10-15.

Cyenopyrafen 30% SC: lamba-kashe acaricide, wanda ke da tasiri mai kyau a kan jajayen gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo guda biyu da ruwan shayi na shayi, kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau a kan jihohin mite daban-daban.Matsakaicin adadin mu shine 15-20 ml.

Cyetpyrafen 30% SC: Ba shi da kaddarorin tsarin, galibi ya dogara da lamba da guba na ciki don kashe mites, babu juriya, da saurin aiwatarwa.Yana da tasiri ga jajayen gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, mites gizo-gizo mai hange biyu da ruwan shayi na shayi, amma yana da tasiri na musamman akan mites gizo-gizo na ja kuma yana da tasiri a kan kowane mites.Matsakaicin adadin mu shine 10-15 ml.

(2) Haɗa Tsari

Rigakafin farko: Kafin bayyanar mites, ana iya amfani da shi tare da magungunan kashe qwari, fungicides, foliar takin mai magani da sauransu. Ana ba da shawarar fesa etoxazole sau ɗaya a cikin kwanaki 15, kuma yawan ruwan da ake amfani da shi a kowace mu shine 25-30 kg.Ana ba da shawarar a gauraye masu shiga ciki irin su bawon lemu mai mahimmanci, silicone, da dai sauransu, a fesa a ko'ina sama da ƙasa duka shuka, musamman bayan ganye, rassan da ƙasa, don rage yawan adadin mites kwai, da mites zai m ba ya faruwa bayan ci gaba da amfani, ko da faruwar za a kuma kiyaye da kyau.

Tsakanin tsaka-tsaki da ƙarshen lokaci: Bayan faruwar mites, ana ba da shawarar yin amfani da sinadarai masu zuwa don sarrafawa, waɗanda za a iya amfani da su a madadin.

①etoxazole10% + bifenazate30% SC,

don hanawa da kashe gizo-gizo gizo-gizo, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo da kuma ruwan shayi mai launin rawaya, adadin kowane mu shine 15-20ml.

②Abamectin 2%+Spirodiclofen 25% SC
An fi amfani dashi don sarrafa gizo-gizo ja, kuma adadin amfani da mu shine 30-40ml.

③Abamectin 1%+Bifenazate19% SC

Ana amfani da shi don kashe gizo-gizo ja, gizo-gizo gizo-gizo mai tabo biyu da mites rawaya na shayi, kuma adadin amfani da mu shine 15-20ml.