Nematodes sune mafi yawan dabbobi masu yawa a duniya, kuma nematodes suna wanzu a duk inda akwai ruwa a duniya.Daga cikin su, shuke-shuken nematodes suna da kashi 10%, kuma suna haifar da illa ga ci gaban shuka ta hanyar kamuwa da cuta, wanda yana daya daga cikin muhimman abubuwan da ke haifar da babbar asarar tattalin arziki a noma da gandun daji.A cikin ganewar wuri, cututtukan nematode na ƙasa suna cikin sauƙin rikicewa tare da ƙarancin kashi, tushen ciwon daji, clubroot, da sauransu, wanda ke haifar da rashin ganewar asali ko sarrafawa mara lokaci.Bugu da kari, tushen raunukan da abinci nematode ke haifarwa yana ba da damammaki ga faruwar cututtukan da ke haifar da ƙasa kamar su bakteriya, busasshen ɓarkewa, ɓarkewar tushen, damping-off, da canker, wanda ke haifar da cututtukan ƙwayoyin cuta tare da ƙara wahalar rigakafi da sarrafawa.

Wani rahoto ya ce a duk duniya, asarar tattalin arzikin da nematode ke yi a duk shekara ya kai dalar Amurka biliyan 157, wanda kwatankwacin lalacewar kwari.1/10 na kasuwar magunguna, har yanzu akwai babban sarari.A ƙasa akwai wasu samfuran mafi inganci don magance nematodes.

1.1 Fosthiazate

Fosthiazate shine nematicide organophosphorus nematicide wanda babban tsarin aikin shi shine hana haɓakar acetylcholinesterase na tushen-ƙulli nematodes.Yana da kaddarorin tsarin kuma ana iya amfani dashi don sarrafa nau'ikan nematodes na tushen-ƙulli.Tun lokacin da Ishihara, Japan ta haɓaka kuma ta samar da Thiazophosphine a cikin 1991, an yi rajista a ƙasashe da yankuna da yawa kamar Turai da Amurka.Tun lokacin da aka shiga kasar Sin a shekara ta 2002, fosthiazate ya zama wani muhimmin samfuri don kula da nematodes na ƙasa a kasar Sin saboda kyakkyawan sakamako da kuma babban farashi.Ana sa ran cewa zai kasance babban samfuri don sarrafa nematode na ƙasa a cikin ƴan shekaru masu zuwa.Bisa kididdigar da aka samu daga cibiyar ba da bayanan magungunan kashe qwari ta kasar Sin, ya zuwa watan Janairu na shekarar 2022, akwai kamfanoni na cikin gida 12 da suka yi rajistar fasahohin fasahohin zamani, da shirye-shirye 158 da suka yi rajista, wadanda suka hada da na'urori irin su emulsifiable concentrate, water-emulsion, microemulsion, granule, da microcapsule.Wakilin dakatarwa, wakili mai narkewa, abu mai narkewa galibi abamectin ne.

Ana amfani da Fosthiazate a hade tare da amino-oligosaccharins, alginic acid, amino acid, humic acid, da dai sauransu, waɗanda ke da ayyuka na mulching, inganta tushen da inganta ƙasa.Zai zama muhimmin alkibla ga ci gaban masana'antu a nan gaba.Nazarin Zheng Huo et al.sun nuna cewa nematicide da aka haɗa tare da thiazophosphine da amino-oligosaccharidins yana da tasiri mai kyau akan citrus nematodes, kuma yana iya hana nematodes a ciki da kuma a kan ƙasa rhizosphere na citrus, tare da tasiri mai tasiri fiye da 80%.Ya fi thiazophosphine da amino-oligosaccharin guda ɗaya, kuma yana da tasiri mai kyau akan ci gaban tushen da farfadowar ƙarfin bishiyar.

1.2 Abamectin

Abamectin wani fili ne na lactone na macrocyclic tare da ayyukan kwari, acaricidal da nematicidal, kuma yana cimma manufar kisa ta hanyar ƙarfafa kwari don saki γ-aminobutyric acid.Abamectin yana kashe nematodes a cikin rhizosphere amfanin gona da ƙasa galibi ta hanyar kisa.Ya zuwa watan Janairu 2022, adadin samfuran abamectin da aka yi wa rajista a cikin gida kusan 1,900 ne, kuma sama da 100 ne aka yiwa rajista don sarrafa nematodes.Daga cikin su, haɓakar abamectin da thiazophosphine sun sami ƙarin fa'ida kuma sun zama muhimmin jagorar ci gaba.

Daga cikin samfuran abamectin da yawa, wanda ya kamata a mai da hankali akai shine abamectin B2.Abamectin B2 ya haɗa da manyan abubuwa guda biyu kamar B2a da B2b, B2a/B2b ya fi 25, B2a ya mamaye mafi yawan abun ciki, B2b shine adadin ganowa, B2 gabaɗaya mai guba ne kuma mai guba, ƙwayar cuta ta ƙasa da B1, an rage yawan guba. , kuma amfani ya fi aminci kuma ya fi dacewa da muhalli.

Gwaje-gwaje sun tabbatar da cewa B2, a matsayin sabon samfur na abamectin, kyakkyawan nematicide ne, kuma bakan sa na kwari ya bambanta da na B1.nematodes tsire-tsire suna aiki sosai kuma suna da fa'idar kasuwa.

1.3 Fluopyram

Fluopyram wani fili ne tare da sabon tsarin aikin da Bayer Crop Science ya ƙera, wanda zai iya zaɓan hana hadadden sarkar numfashi na II a cikin nematode mitochondria, wanda ke haifar da saurin raguwar kuzari a cikin ƙwayoyin nematode.Fluopyram yana nuna motsi daban-daban a cikin ƙasa fiye da sauran nau'ikan, kuma ana iya rarraba shi a hankali kuma a ko'ina cikin rhizosphere, yana kare tushen tsarin daga kamuwa da cutar nematode yadda ya kamata kuma na dogon lokaci.

1.4 Tluazaindolizine

Tluazaindolizine shine pyridimidazole amide (ko sulfonamide) nematicide mara amfani da Corteva, wanda ake amfani dashi don kayan lambu, bishiyoyi, dankali, tumatir, inabi, citrus, gourds, lawns, 'ya'yan itatuwa na dutse, taba, da amfanin gona, da dai sauransu, na iya yadda ya kamata. sarrafa tushen-kulli nematodes, dankalin turawa kara nematodes, waken soya cyst nematodes, strawberry slippery nematodes, Pine itace nematodes, hatsi nematodes da gajere jiki (tushen rot) nematodes, da dai sauransu.

Takaita

Ikon Nematode yaƙi ne mai tsayi.A lokaci guda, kulawar nematode ba dole ba ne ya dogara da yaƙin mutum ɗaya.Ya zama dole a samar da cikakkiyar rigakafin rigakafi da kulawa da ke haɗa kariyar shuka, haɓaka ƙasa, abinci mai gina jiki, da sarrafa filin.A cikin ɗan gajeren lokaci, sarrafa sinadarai har yanzu shine mafi mahimmancin hanyoyin sarrafa nematode tare da sakamako mai sauri da inganci;a cikin dogon lokaci, sarrafa kwayoyin halitta zai sami ci gaba cikin sauri.Haɓaka bincike da haɓaka sabbin nau'ikan magungunan kashe qwari na nematicides, haɓaka matakin sarrafa shirye-shirye, ƙara yunƙurin tallata tallace-tallace, da yin aiki mai kyau a cikin haɓakawa da aikace-aikacen haɗin gwiwar haɗin gwiwar za su kasance mai da hankali kan magance matsalar juriya na wasu nau'ikan nematicide.